COMPREHENSIVE EXAM: BIOS 252 –
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY II WITH LAB
(LATEST UPDATE 2026–2027), WITH
CORRECT/ACCURATE ANSWERS
AT CHAMBERLAIN COLLEGE OF NURSING
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY II WITH LAB
Multiple-Choice Questions with Verified Answers & Rationales
1. What function do fibroblasts serve in connective tissue?
A. Store fat for energy
B. Produce antibodies
C. Secrete proteins that form fibers in the extracellular matrix
D. Phagocytize pathogens
Correct Answer: C. Secrete proteins that form fibers in the extracellular matrix
Rationale: Fibroblasts are the primary cells of connective tissue responsible for synthesizing collagen,
elastin, and reticular fibers. These proteins provide structural support, strength, and elasticity to tissues such
as tendons, ligaments, and dermis.
2. A joint that allows free movement in multiple directions is classified as which type of
joint?
A. Hinge joint
B. Pivot joint
C. Saddle joint
D. Ball-and-socket joint
Correct Answer: D. Ball-and-socket joint
,Rationale: Ball-and-socket joints permit movement in all planes, including rotation. Examples include the
shoulder and hip joints, making them the most flexible joints in the body.
3. Most levers in the human body function as which class of lever?
A. First-class levers
B. Second-class levers
C. Third-class levers
D. Fourth-class levers
Correct Answer: C. Third-class levers
Rationale: In third-class levers, the effort is applied between the fulcrum and the load. This arrangement
favors speed and range of motion rather than force, which is ideal for most human movements.
4. Which anatomical structure is a part of the sphenoid bone?
A. Crista galli
B. Mastoid process
C. Sella turcica
D. Styloid process
Correct Answer: C. Sella turcica
Rationale: The sella turcica is a saddle-shaped depression in the sphenoid bone that houses the pituitary
gland, protecting this critical endocrine structure.
5. During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
A. G₁ phase
B. S phase
C. G₂ phase
D. M phase
Correct Answer: B. S phase
Rationale: The S (synthesis) phase is when DNA is replicated so that each daughter cell receives an
identical set of chromosomes during cell division.
6. The sum of protons and neutrons in an atom is known as the:
,A. Atomic number
B. Valence number
C. Mass number
D. Isotope number
Correct Answer: C. Mass number
Rationale: The mass number represents the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. It differs
from the atomic number, which includes only protons.
7. What is the final stage in the repair of a fractured bone?
A. Hematoma formation
B. Fibrocartilaginous callus formation
C. Bony callus formation
D. Bone remodeling
Correct Answer: D. Bone remodeling
Rationale: Bone remodeling replaces spongy bone with compact bone and restores the bone to its original
shape and strength. It is the final and longest phase of fracture healing.
8. Which term describes a bundle of axons located in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
A. Tract
B. Ganglion
C. Nerve
D. Nucleus
Correct Answer: C. Nerve
Rationale: In the PNS, bundles of axons are called nerves. In contrast, similar bundles in the CNS are called
tracts.
9. True ribs are best described as ribs that are:
A. Attached indirectly to the sternum
B. Not attached to the sternum
C. Attached via costal cartilage directly to the sternum
D. Floating freely in muscle tissue
Correct Answer: C. Attached via costal cartilage directly to the sternum
, Rationale: Ribs 1–7 are true ribs. They attach directly to the sternum through their own costal cartilages,
providing stability and protection to thoracic organs.
10. Which division of the nervous system controls physiological changes during exercise
such as increased heart rate and sweating?
A. Somatic nervous system
B. Parasympathetic nervous system
C. Central nervous system
D. Autonomic nervous system
Correct Answer: D. Autonomic nervous system
Rationale: The autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary functions. During exercise, the sympathetic
branch increases heart rate, blood pressure, and sweating.
11. Which epithelial tissue lines the interior of blood vessels?
A. Stratified squamous epithelium
B. Simple cuboidal epithelium
C. Simple squamous epithelium
D. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Correct Answer: C. Simple squamous epithelium
Rationale: Simple squamous epithelium allows rapid diffusion and reduces friction, making it ideal for
lining blood vessels (endothelium).
12. Which meningeal layer is the outermost and forms protective partitions in the brain?
A. Pia mater
B. Arachnoid mater
C. Dura mater
D. Subarachnoid layer
Correct Answer: C. Dura mater
Rationale: The dura mater is the tough, fibrous outer layer of the meninges. It provides protection and forms
structures such as the falx cerebri.
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY II WITH LAB
(LATEST UPDATE 2026–2027), WITH
CORRECT/ACCURATE ANSWERS
AT CHAMBERLAIN COLLEGE OF NURSING
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY II WITH LAB
Multiple-Choice Questions with Verified Answers & Rationales
1. What function do fibroblasts serve in connective tissue?
A. Store fat for energy
B. Produce antibodies
C. Secrete proteins that form fibers in the extracellular matrix
D. Phagocytize pathogens
Correct Answer: C. Secrete proteins that form fibers in the extracellular matrix
Rationale: Fibroblasts are the primary cells of connective tissue responsible for synthesizing collagen,
elastin, and reticular fibers. These proteins provide structural support, strength, and elasticity to tissues such
as tendons, ligaments, and dermis.
2. A joint that allows free movement in multiple directions is classified as which type of
joint?
A. Hinge joint
B. Pivot joint
C. Saddle joint
D. Ball-and-socket joint
Correct Answer: D. Ball-and-socket joint
,Rationale: Ball-and-socket joints permit movement in all planes, including rotation. Examples include the
shoulder and hip joints, making them the most flexible joints in the body.
3. Most levers in the human body function as which class of lever?
A. First-class levers
B. Second-class levers
C. Third-class levers
D. Fourth-class levers
Correct Answer: C. Third-class levers
Rationale: In third-class levers, the effort is applied between the fulcrum and the load. This arrangement
favors speed and range of motion rather than force, which is ideal for most human movements.
4. Which anatomical structure is a part of the sphenoid bone?
A. Crista galli
B. Mastoid process
C. Sella turcica
D. Styloid process
Correct Answer: C. Sella turcica
Rationale: The sella turcica is a saddle-shaped depression in the sphenoid bone that houses the pituitary
gland, protecting this critical endocrine structure.
5. During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
A. G₁ phase
B. S phase
C. G₂ phase
D. M phase
Correct Answer: B. S phase
Rationale: The S (synthesis) phase is when DNA is replicated so that each daughter cell receives an
identical set of chromosomes during cell division.
6. The sum of protons and neutrons in an atom is known as the:
,A. Atomic number
B. Valence number
C. Mass number
D. Isotope number
Correct Answer: C. Mass number
Rationale: The mass number represents the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. It differs
from the atomic number, which includes only protons.
7. What is the final stage in the repair of a fractured bone?
A. Hematoma formation
B. Fibrocartilaginous callus formation
C. Bony callus formation
D. Bone remodeling
Correct Answer: D. Bone remodeling
Rationale: Bone remodeling replaces spongy bone with compact bone and restores the bone to its original
shape and strength. It is the final and longest phase of fracture healing.
8. Which term describes a bundle of axons located in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
A. Tract
B. Ganglion
C. Nerve
D. Nucleus
Correct Answer: C. Nerve
Rationale: In the PNS, bundles of axons are called nerves. In contrast, similar bundles in the CNS are called
tracts.
9. True ribs are best described as ribs that are:
A. Attached indirectly to the sternum
B. Not attached to the sternum
C. Attached via costal cartilage directly to the sternum
D. Floating freely in muscle tissue
Correct Answer: C. Attached via costal cartilage directly to the sternum
, Rationale: Ribs 1–7 are true ribs. They attach directly to the sternum through their own costal cartilages,
providing stability and protection to thoracic organs.
10. Which division of the nervous system controls physiological changes during exercise
such as increased heart rate and sweating?
A. Somatic nervous system
B. Parasympathetic nervous system
C. Central nervous system
D. Autonomic nervous system
Correct Answer: D. Autonomic nervous system
Rationale: The autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary functions. During exercise, the sympathetic
branch increases heart rate, blood pressure, and sweating.
11. Which epithelial tissue lines the interior of blood vessels?
A. Stratified squamous epithelium
B. Simple cuboidal epithelium
C. Simple squamous epithelium
D. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Correct Answer: C. Simple squamous epithelium
Rationale: Simple squamous epithelium allows rapid diffusion and reduces friction, making it ideal for
lining blood vessels (endothelium).
12. Which meningeal layer is the outermost and forms protective partitions in the brain?
A. Pia mater
B. Arachnoid mater
C. Dura mater
D. Subarachnoid layer
Correct Answer: C. Dura mater
Rationale: The dura mater is the tough, fibrous outer layer of the meninges. It provides protection and forms
structures such as the falx cerebri.
