AGR 504 Cumulative Final Exam UPDATED
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
What are the 5 diagnostic methods? - CORRECT ANSWER Syndrome recognition,
Hypothetico-deductive reasoning, Algorithm method, Key Abnormality Method, Database
Method.
What are the 3 parts to a clinical exam? - CORRECT ANSWER History taking,
Examination of the animal, Examination of the environment.
What is disease? - CORRECT ANSWER Inability to perform physiologic functions at
a normal level even if nutrition and environmental needs are met.
What is productivity? - CORRECT ANSWER Growth rates, milk production, race
times, etc.
What are the most important parts of taking a history? - CORRECT ANSWER Good
communication, Establish a definitive timeline, Ask open-ended questions first, then leading
questions.
What is the difference between morbidity and mortality? - CORRECT
ANSWER Morbidity: percentage of animals clinically affected; Mortality: percentage
of exposed animals that die.
What is a fever? - CORRECT ANSWER Elevated body temperature without an
elevated ambient temperature.
What is epidemiology? - CORRECT ANSWER Distribution and determinants of health
and disease in groups.
What is polypharmacy? - CORRECT ANSWER The use of multiple medications to
manage a single patient.
What is the proper procedure for disinfecting a floor? - CORRECT ANSWER Clean
first, then disinfect.
What are the normal heart rate, respiration, and body temperature for cattle? - CORRECT
ANSWER T: 101.5F, P (adults): 60-80 bpm, P (calves): 100-120 bpm, RR: 10-30 bpm.
,What are the normal heart rate, respiration, and body temperature for pigs? - CORRECT
ANSWER T: 102F, P: 70-90 bpm, RR: 10-20 bpm.
What are the normal heart rate, respiration, and body temperature for sheep? - CORRECT
ANSWER T: 102F, P: 70-90 bpm, RR: 10-20 bpm.
What are the normal heart rate, respiration, and body temperature for goats? - CORRECT
ANSWER T: 103F, P: 70-90 bpm, RR: 25-35 bpm.
What are the normal heart rate, respiration, and body temperature for horses? - CORRECT
ANSWER T: 100.5F, P (adult): 30-40 bpm, P (foal): 70-80 bpm, RR: 8-16 bpm.
What is biosecurity? - CORRECT ANSWER All the things done to try to keep an area
disease free.
What is biocontainment? - CORRECT ANSWER Practices intended to minimize
transmission of disease-causing agents already present.
How long should a new animal be isolated from the herd? - CORRECT ANSWER 14-
28 days.
What disinfectants can be safely used on skin? - CORRECT ANSWER Alcohols,
biguanides (Chlorhexidine).
What are the mechanisms of heat gain? - CORRECT ANSWER Radiation, conduction,
convection, metabolic activity.
What are the mechanisms of heat loss? - CORRECT ANSWER Radiation, conduction,
convection, evaporation, metabolic activity.
What is shivering thermogenesis? - CORRECT ANSWER Response to sudden cold
ambient temperature.
Who is most likely to suffer from heat exhaustion? - CORRECT ANSWER Lactating
animals.
Why are neonates more susceptible to hypothermia? - CORRECT ANSWER Higher
surface area per weight leads to a lower metabolic rate.
What anatomical locations are most susceptible to frostbite? - CORRECT
ANSWER Extremities, udder, tail, ears.
, What species does not have brown fat? - CORRECT ANSWER Pigs.
What is pain in livestock? - CORRECT ANSWER A protective mechanism seen
through behavior and physiologic parameters.
What are the different types of pain? - CORRECT ANSWER Cutaneous, visceral,
musculoskeletal.
What are the avenues to manage pain in livestock? - CORRECT ANSWER Local
anesthetics, NSAIDs, alpha 2 agonists, opioids, NMDA receptor antagonists.
What are the acute phase proteins useful for evaluation in livestock? - CORRECT
ANSWER Fibrinogen (positive), SAA (positive in inflammation).
How do you evaluate hydration status? - CORRECT ANSWER Wrinkling of skin,
degree of recession of the eye.
What is the best indicator of hydration status in a dairy calf? - CORRECT
ANSWER Skin tenting.
What is the maximum administration rate for giving potassium IV? - CORRECT
ANSWER 0.5mEq/kg/hour.
What are the types of allergic reactions? - CORRECT ANSWER Type I
(Anaphylactic), Type II (Cytotoxic), Type III (Immunocomplex), Type IV (Cell-Mediated).
What are the types of shock? - CORRECT ANSWER Hypovolemic, cardiogenic,
distributive, obstructive.
What are the clinical signs of shock? - CORRECT ANSWER Tachycardia, weak
pulses, pale MM, cool limbs, altered CRT.
What leads to hypothermia? - CORRECT ANSWER Exposure to low environmental
temperatures, excessive heat loss.
What leads to hyperthermia? - CORRECT ANSWER Exposure to high environmental
temperatures, lactating animals.
What causes a fever? - CORRECT ANSWER Hyperthermia + infection or
inflammation.
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
What are the 5 diagnostic methods? - CORRECT ANSWER Syndrome recognition,
Hypothetico-deductive reasoning, Algorithm method, Key Abnormality Method, Database
Method.
What are the 3 parts to a clinical exam? - CORRECT ANSWER History taking,
Examination of the animal, Examination of the environment.
What is disease? - CORRECT ANSWER Inability to perform physiologic functions at
a normal level even if nutrition and environmental needs are met.
What is productivity? - CORRECT ANSWER Growth rates, milk production, race
times, etc.
What are the most important parts of taking a history? - CORRECT ANSWER Good
communication, Establish a definitive timeline, Ask open-ended questions first, then leading
questions.
What is the difference between morbidity and mortality? - CORRECT
ANSWER Morbidity: percentage of animals clinically affected; Mortality: percentage
of exposed animals that die.
What is a fever? - CORRECT ANSWER Elevated body temperature without an
elevated ambient temperature.
What is epidemiology? - CORRECT ANSWER Distribution and determinants of health
and disease in groups.
What is polypharmacy? - CORRECT ANSWER The use of multiple medications to
manage a single patient.
What is the proper procedure for disinfecting a floor? - CORRECT ANSWER Clean
first, then disinfect.
What are the normal heart rate, respiration, and body temperature for cattle? - CORRECT
ANSWER T: 101.5F, P (adults): 60-80 bpm, P (calves): 100-120 bpm, RR: 10-30 bpm.
,What are the normal heart rate, respiration, and body temperature for pigs? - CORRECT
ANSWER T: 102F, P: 70-90 bpm, RR: 10-20 bpm.
What are the normal heart rate, respiration, and body temperature for sheep? - CORRECT
ANSWER T: 102F, P: 70-90 bpm, RR: 10-20 bpm.
What are the normal heart rate, respiration, and body temperature for goats? - CORRECT
ANSWER T: 103F, P: 70-90 bpm, RR: 25-35 bpm.
What are the normal heart rate, respiration, and body temperature for horses? - CORRECT
ANSWER T: 100.5F, P (adult): 30-40 bpm, P (foal): 70-80 bpm, RR: 8-16 bpm.
What is biosecurity? - CORRECT ANSWER All the things done to try to keep an area
disease free.
What is biocontainment? - CORRECT ANSWER Practices intended to minimize
transmission of disease-causing agents already present.
How long should a new animal be isolated from the herd? - CORRECT ANSWER 14-
28 days.
What disinfectants can be safely used on skin? - CORRECT ANSWER Alcohols,
biguanides (Chlorhexidine).
What are the mechanisms of heat gain? - CORRECT ANSWER Radiation, conduction,
convection, metabolic activity.
What are the mechanisms of heat loss? - CORRECT ANSWER Radiation, conduction,
convection, evaporation, metabolic activity.
What is shivering thermogenesis? - CORRECT ANSWER Response to sudden cold
ambient temperature.
Who is most likely to suffer from heat exhaustion? - CORRECT ANSWER Lactating
animals.
Why are neonates more susceptible to hypothermia? - CORRECT ANSWER Higher
surface area per weight leads to a lower metabolic rate.
What anatomical locations are most susceptible to frostbite? - CORRECT
ANSWER Extremities, udder, tail, ears.
, What species does not have brown fat? - CORRECT ANSWER Pigs.
What is pain in livestock? - CORRECT ANSWER A protective mechanism seen
through behavior and physiologic parameters.
What are the different types of pain? - CORRECT ANSWER Cutaneous, visceral,
musculoskeletal.
What are the avenues to manage pain in livestock? - CORRECT ANSWER Local
anesthetics, NSAIDs, alpha 2 agonists, opioids, NMDA receptor antagonists.
What are the acute phase proteins useful for evaluation in livestock? - CORRECT
ANSWER Fibrinogen (positive), SAA (positive in inflammation).
How do you evaluate hydration status? - CORRECT ANSWER Wrinkling of skin,
degree of recession of the eye.
What is the best indicator of hydration status in a dairy calf? - CORRECT
ANSWER Skin tenting.
What is the maximum administration rate for giving potassium IV? - CORRECT
ANSWER 0.5mEq/kg/hour.
What are the types of allergic reactions? - CORRECT ANSWER Type I
(Anaphylactic), Type II (Cytotoxic), Type III (Immunocomplex), Type IV (Cell-Mediated).
What are the types of shock? - CORRECT ANSWER Hypovolemic, cardiogenic,
distributive, obstructive.
What are the clinical signs of shock? - CORRECT ANSWER Tachycardia, weak
pulses, pale MM, cool limbs, altered CRT.
What leads to hypothermia? - CORRECT ANSWER Exposure to low environmental
temperatures, excessive heat loss.
What leads to hyperthermia? - CORRECT ANSWER Exposure to high environmental
temperatures, lactating animals.
What causes a fever? - CORRECT ANSWER Hyperthermia + infection or
inflammation.
