NR 507 Midterm Exam: Advanced Pathophysiology
Insights| Actual Questions and Answers Latest Updated
2025/2026 (Graded A+)
1.
What is the final stage of the infectious process?
ANS: Colonization
Invasion
Multiplication
Spread
From the perspective of the microorganisms that cause disease, the infectious
Explanation: process undergoes four separate stages of progression: (1) colonization, (2) invasion, (3)
multiplication, and (4) spread.
Question 2
. Where in the respiratory tract do the majority of foreign objects aspirated by
children finally lodge?
ANS: Trachea
Left lung
Bronchus
Bronchioles
Approximately 75% of aspirated foreign bodies lodge in a bronchus. The other
Explanation: options are not locations where children aspirate the majority of foreign objects.
, Question 3
. What is the primary cause of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of the newborn?
ANS: Immature immune system
Small alveoli
Surfactant deficiency
Anemia
RDS is primarily caused by surfactant deficiency and secondarily by a
Explanation: deficiency in alveolar surface area for gas exchange. None of the other options are related to the cause
of RDS.
Question 4
. Which statement concerning benign tumors is true?
ANS:
The resulting pain is severe.
Benign tumors are not encapsulated.
Benign tumors are fast growing.
The cells are well-differentiated.
A benign tumor is well-differentiated with its tissue appearing similar to the Explanation: tissue from
which it arose. The other options are characteristic of a malignant tumor.
Question 5
. Which compensatory mechanism is spontaneously used by children diagnosed with
tetralogy of Fallot to relieve hypoxic spells?
ANS: Lying on their left side
Performing the Valsalva maneuver
Squatting
Hyperventilating
Insights| Actual Questions and Answers Latest Updated
2025/2026 (Graded A+)
1.
What is the final stage of the infectious process?
ANS: Colonization
Invasion
Multiplication
Spread
From the perspective of the microorganisms that cause disease, the infectious
Explanation: process undergoes four separate stages of progression: (1) colonization, (2) invasion, (3)
multiplication, and (4) spread.
Question 2
. Where in the respiratory tract do the majority of foreign objects aspirated by
children finally lodge?
ANS: Trachea
Left lung
Bronchus
Bronchioles
Approximately 75% of aspirated foreign bodies lodge in a bronchus. The other
Explanation: options are not locations where children aspirate the majority of foreign objects.
, Question 3
. What is the primary cause of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of the newborn?
ANS: Immature immune system
Small alveoli
Surfactant deficiency
Anemia
RDS is primarily caused by surfactant deficiency and secondarily by a
Explanation: deficiency in alveolar surface area for gas exchange. None of the other options are related to the cause
of RDS.
Question 4
. Which statement concerning benign tumors is true?
ANS:
The resulting pain is severe.
Benign tumors are not encapsulated.
Benign tumors are fast growing.
The cells are well-differentiated.
A benign tumor is well-differentiated with its tissue appearing similar to the Explanation: tissue from
which it arose. The other options are characteristic of a malignant tumor.
Question 5
. Which compensatory mechanism is spontaneously used by children diagnosed with
tetralogy of Fallot to relieve hypoxic spells?
ANS: Lying on their left side
Performing the Valsalva maneuver
Squatting
Hyperventilating
