NURS 209 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE OVERVIEW COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ACCURATE SOLUTION (DETAILED & ELABORATED) |100% ACCURATE!! TEST!!

NURS 209 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE OVERVIEW COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ACCURATE SOLUTION (DETAILED & ELABORATED) |100% ACCURATE!! TEST!! Elimination Correct Answer Genitourinary Phenazopyridine Correct Answer Tx: relieves UTI symptoms from infection, trauma or surgery Oxybutinin Correct Answer Tx: bladder spasms and dysuria Thiazide - Hydrochlorthiazide (HCTZ) Correct Answer Actions: Block chloride pump, keeps chloride and the sodium in the tubule to be excreted in the urine, thus preventing the reabsorption of both in the vascular system Loop - Furosemide, Bumetanide, Torsemide 1 Correct Answer Action: Blocks the chloride pump in the ascending loop of Henle. Causes reabsorption of sodium and chloride. Potassium-sparing Correct Answer Actions: Cause a loss of sodium while retaining potassium, block actions of aldosterone in distal tubule Osmotics - Mannitol Correct Answer Action: Pull water into renal tubule without sodium loss Alpha-adrenergic blockers Correct Answer Doxazosin, Tamsulosin Interstitial cystitis Correct Answer Patho: Bladder epithelium inflamed, nerve fibers release inflammatory substance, autoimmune response, mast cell activated, alters urothelial cells 2 Acute kidney injury Correct Answer Patho: 3 categories - Prerenal, Intrarenal, Postrenal Prerenal Correct Answer Above the kidneys, can include: hypoperfusion, hypovolemia, dehydration, hemorrhage Intrarenal Correct Answer Damage to kidney filtration system from: NSAIDs, aminoglycosides, IV dyes, prolonged disease Postrenal Correct Answer Obstruction in distal kidneys from: stones, blood clots, tumors, BPH (these cause backflow of urine) Urolithiasis Correct Answer Causes: 80% are calcium oxalate and phosphate / Uric acid, Struvite, Cystine Stones 3 Urinary tract infection Correct Answer Elderly manifestations: Symptoms parallel dementia/alzheimers: confusion/hallucination-like state, nervousness, hallucinations, other behavioral changes such as social inappropriateness Prostate specific antigen (PSA) Correct Answer Renal function tests (RFT): Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) Elevates quickly, indication of hydration status Blood creatinine Correct Answer Elevates more slowly, indication of renal failure Creatinine clearance Correct Answer Filtered by the kidneys Lithium 4 Correct Answer Actions: Alters sodium transport in nerve and muscle cells. Inhibits the release of norepinephrine and dopamine, but not serotonin, from stimulated neurons Haloperidol Correct Answer Typical: Haloperidol, Atypical : Quetiapine, Risperidone, Ziprasidone Extrapyramidal effects Correct Answer Types of extrapyramidal effects: Pseudoparkinsonism: rigidity, tremors; Dystonia: continuous spasms and muscle contractions; Akathisia: motor restlessness; Tardive Dyskinesia: irregular, jerky movements; Potentially irreversible neuroleptic malignant syndrome: a rare, but life threatening, idiosyncratic reaction to neuroleptic medications that is characterized by fever, muscular rigidity, altered mental status, and autonomic dysfunction.