BIOS 251 EXAM 2 REVIEW 2025 | HUMAN
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY I EXAM 2026/2027
WITH ACTUAL CORRECT QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED DETAILED ANSWERS
|CURRENTLY TESTING QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS|ALREADY GRADED
A+|NEWEST|JUST RELEASED!!|GUARANTEED
PASS
Q1: Which organelle produces ATP through cellular respiration?
A. Nucleus
B. Mitochondria
C. Golgi apparatus
D. Lysosome
Answer: B
Explanation: Mitochondria convert glucose and oxygen into ATP, the energy currency of the cell.
Q2: The rough endoplasmic reticulum is primarily responsible for:
A. Lipid synthesis
B. Protein synthesis
C. Detoxification
D. Energy production
Answer: B
Explanation: Ribosomes on the rough ER synthesize proteins for secretion or membrane
insertion.
Q3: Which cytoskeletal element forms cilia and flagella?
A. Microfilaments
B. Intermediate filaments
1|Page
,C. Microtubules
D. Collagen fibers
Answer: C
Explanation: Microtubules are hollow rods that form cilia, flagella, and mitotic spindles.
Q4: Lysosomes are responsible for:
A. ATP production
B. Protein synthesis
C. Digesting cellular waste
D. Lipid synthesis
Answer: C
Explanation: Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes that break down cellular debris and foreign
material.
Q5: The nucleus:
A. Produces energy
B. Stores DNA and controls cell activities
C. Synthesizes lipids
D. Detoxifies chemicals
Answer: B
Explanation: The nucleus contains DNA and coordinates cell growth, protein synthesis, and
reproduction.
Q6: Movement of molecules from high to low concentration without energy is called:
A. Active transport
B. Diffusion
C. Endocytosis
D. Exocytosis
Answer: B
Explanation: Diffusion is a passive process driven by the concentration gradient.
2|Page
,Q7: Water moves across a semipermeable membrane by:
A. Diffusion
B. Osmosis
C. Facilitated diffusion
D. Active transport
Answer: B
Explanation: Osmosis is the passive movement of water from an area of low solute
concentration to high solute concentration.
Q8: Which type of transport uses carrier proteins but no ATP?
A. Primary active transport
B. Facilitated diffusion
C. Endocytosis
D. Exocytosis
Answer: B
Explanation: Facilitated diffusion allows molecules like glucose to cross membranes via carriers
without energy.
Q9: The sodium-potassium pump moves:
A. Na⁺ in, K⁺ out
B. Na⁺ out, K⁺ in
C. Na⁺ out, K⁺ out
D. Na⁺ in, K⁺ in
Answer: B
Explanation: The Na⁺/K⁺ pump uses ATP to maintain low intracellular sodium and high
potassium.
Q10: Endocytosis:
A. Moves small molecules down a gradient
B. Engulfs large particles into the cell
C. Exports vesicles
D. Produces ATP
3|Page
, Answer: B
Explanation: Endocytosis allows the cell to internalize large molecules or particles via vesicles.
Q11: Which epithelial tissue is adapted for absorption in the small intestine?
A. Simple squamous
B. Simple cuboidal
C. Simple columnar
D. Stratified squamous
Answer: C
Explanation: Simple columnar epithelium has microvilli to increase surface area for absorption.
Q12: Which connective tissue stores fat and cushions organs?
A. Dense regular CT
B. Adipose tissue
C. Cartilage
D. Reticular tissue
Answer: B
Explanation: Adipose tissue stores energy and provides insulation and cushioning.
Q13: Skeletal muscle characteristics include:
A. Involuntary, non-striated
B. Voluntary, striated
C. Involuntary, striated
D. Voluntary, non-striated
Answer: B
Explanation: Skeletal muscle is striated and controlled voluntarily for movement.
Q14: Cardiac muscle cells are connected by:
A. Tight junctions
B. Gap junctions and intercalated discs
C. Desmosomes only
D. Hemidesmosomes
4|Page
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY I EXAM 2026/2027
WITH ACTUAL CORRECT QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED DETAILED ANSWERS
|CURRENTLY TESTING QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS|ALREADY GRADED
A+|NEWEST|JUST RELEASED!!|GUARANTEED
PASS
Q1: Which organelle produces ATP through cellular respiration?
A. Nucleus
B. Mitochondria
C. Golgi apparatus
D. Lysosome
Answer: B
Explanation: Mitochondria convert glucose and oxygen into ATP, the energy currency of the cell.
Q2: The rough endoplasmic reticulum is primarily responsible for:
A. Lipid synthesis
B. Protein synthesis
C. Detoxification
D. Energy production
Answer: B
Explanation: Ribosomes on the rough ER synthesize proteins for secretion or membrane
insertion.
Q3: Which cytoskeletal element forms cilia and flagella?
A. Microfilaments
B. Intermediate filaments
1|Page
,C. Microtubules
D. Collagen fibers
Answer: C
Explanation: Microtubules are hollow rods that form cilia, flagella, and mitotic spindles.
Q4: Lysosomes are responsible for:
A. ATP production
B. Protein synthesis
C. Digesting cellular waste
D. Lipid synthesis
Answer: C
Explanation: Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes that break down cellular debris and foreign
material.
Q5: The nucleus:
A. Produces energy
B. Stores DNA and controls cell activities
C. Synthesizes lipids
D. Detoxifies chemicals
Answer: B
Explanation: The nucleus contains DNA and coordinates cell growth, protein synthesis, and
reproduction.
Q6: Movement of molecules from high to low concentration without energy is called:
A. Active transport
B. Diffusion
C. Endocytosis
D. Exocytosis
Answer: B
Explanation: Diffusion is a passive process driven by the concentration gradient.
2|Page
,Q7: Water moves across a semipermeable membrane by:
A. Diffusion
B. Osmosis
C. Facilitated diffusion
D. Active transport
Answer: B
Explanation: Osmosis is the passive movement of water from an area of low solute
concentration to high solute concentration.
Q8: Which type of transport uses carrier proteins but no ATP?
A. Primary active transport
B. Facilitated diffusion
C. Endocytosis
D. Exocytosis
Answer: B
Explanation: Facilitated diffusion allows molecules like glucose to cross membranes via carriers
without energy.
Q9: The sodium-potassium pump moves:
A. Na⁺ in, K⁺ out
B. Na⁺ out, K⁺ in
C. Na⁺ out, K⁺ out
D. Na⁺ in, K⁺ in
Answer: B
Explanation: The Na⁺/K⁺ pump uses ATP to maintain low intracellular sodium and high
potassium.
Q10: Endocytosis:
A. Moves small molecules down a gradient
B. Engulfs large particles into the cell
C. Exports vesicles
D. Produces ATP
3|Page
, Answer: B
Explanation: Endocytosis allows the cell to internalize large molecules or particles via vesicles.
Q11: Which epithelial tissue is adapted for absorption in the small intestine?
A. Simple squamous
B. Simple cuboidal
C. Simple columnar
D. Stratified squamous
Answer: C
Explanation: Simple columnar epithelium has microvilli to increase surface area for absorption.
Q12: Which connective tissue stores fat and cushions organs?
A. Dense regular CT
B. Adipose tissue
C. Cartilage
D. Reticular tissue
Answer: B
Explanation: Adipose tissue stores energy and provides insulation and cushioning.
Q13: Skeletal muscle characteristics include:
A. Involuntary, non-striated
B. Voluntary, striated
C. Involuntary, striated
D. Voluntary, non-striated
Answer: B
Explanation: Skeletal muscle is striated and controlled voluntarily for movement.
Q14: Cardiac muscle cells are connected by:
A. Tight junctions
B. Gap junctions and intercalated discs
C. Desmosomes only
D. Hemidesmosomes
4|Page
