BIO 210 Lab Quiz 5, Nervous System STUDY GUIDE
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BIO 210 Lab Quiz 5: Nervous System Study Guide
Anatomy of the Neuron & Neuroglia
1. What is the primary functional cell of the nervous system?
o Answer: Neuron
2. What are the branched, receptive regions of a neuron called?
o Answer: Dendrites
3. Which part of the neuron conducts electrical impulses away from the cell body?
o Answer: Axon
4. What is the name of the fatty insulation that speeds up conduction along an axon?
o Answer: Myelin sheath
5. What are the gaps in the myelin sheath called?
o Answer: Nodes of Ranvier
6. What are the supportive, non-conducting cells of nervous tissue called?
o Answer: Neuroglia or glial cells
7. Which neuroglial cell forms the myelin sheath in the Central Nervous System (CNS)?
o Answer: Oligodendrocyte
8. Which neuroglial cell forms the myelin sheath in the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?
o Answer: Schwann cell
9. Which neuroglial cell is responsible for phagocytosis of debris and pathogens in the
CNS?
, o Answer: Microglia
10. What are the star-shaped glial cells that help form the blood-brain barrier?
o Answer: Astrocytes
Central Nervous System (CNS): The Brain - Major Regions
11. What are the four major regions of the brain?
- Answer: Cerebrum, Diencephalon, Brainstem, Cerebellum
12. Which brain region is responsible for higher functions like thought, memory, and
sensation?
o Answer: Cerebrum
13. What is the wrinkled, elevated ridge on the cerebral surface called?
o Answer: Gyrus (plural: Gyri)
14. What is the shallow groove between gyri called?
o Answer: Sulcus (plural: Sulci)
15. What is the deep groove that separates the two cerebral hemispheres?
o Answer: Longitudinal fissure
16. What structure connects the two cerebral hemispheres?
o Answer: Corpus callosum
17. The diencephalon consists of the thalamus, hypothalamus, and what other structure?
o Answer: Epithalamus (contains the pineal gland)
18. Which part of the diencephalon acts as a relay station for sensory information?
o Answer: Thalamus
19. Which part of the diencephalon is the autonomic control center, regulating body
temperature, hunger, and thirst?
o Answer: Hypothalamus
20. What are the three parts of the brainstem, from superior to inferior?
o Answer: Midbrain, Pons, Medulla oblongata
, 21. Which part of the brainstem contains vital autonomic centers for heart rate and
respiration?
o Answer: Medulla oblongata
22. What is the "little brain" responsible for coordination, posture, and balance?
o Answer: Cerebellum
CNS: The Brain - Ventricles & Meninges
23. What are the fluid-filled cavities within the brain called?
- Answer: Ventricles
24. What fluid circulates within the ventricles and subarachnoid space?
o Answer: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
25. What structure produces cerebrospinal fluid?
o Answer: Choroid plexus
26. What are the three protective meningeal layers from superficial to deep?
o Answer: Dura mater, Arachnoid mater, Pia mater
27. Which meninx is the tough, fibrous, outermost layer?
o Answer: Dura mater
28. In which space does cerebrospinal fluid directly circulate?
o Answer: Subarachnoid space
CNS: The Spinal Cord
29. What is the tapered, inferior end of the spinal cord called?
- Answer: Conus medullaris
30. What is the bundle of nerve roots extending from the conus medullaris called?
o Answer: Cauda equina
31. What are the two enlargements of the spinal cord where nerves to the limbs arise?
o Answer: Cervical enlargement and Lumbar enlargement
32. In cross-section, what shape does the central gray matter of the spinal cord resemble?
o Answer: An "H" or a butterfly
2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS || 100% GUARANTEED PASS
<RECENT VERSION>
BIO 210 Lab Quiz 5: Nervous System Study Guide
Anatomy of the Neuron & Neuroglia
1. What is the primary functional cell of the nervous system?
o Answer: Neuron
2. What are the branched, receptive regions of a neuron called?
o Answer: Dendrites
3. Which part of the neuron conducts electrical impulses away from the cell body?
o Answer: Axon
4. What is the name of the fatty insulation that speeds up conduction along an axon?
o Answer: Myelin sheath
5. What are the gaps in the myelin sheath called?
o Answer: Nodes of Ranvier
6. What are the supportive, non-conducting cells of nervous tissue called?
o Answer: Neuroglia or glial cells
7. Which neuroglial cell forms the myelin sheath in the Central Nervous System (CNS)?
o Answer: Oligodendrocyte
8. Which neuroglial cell forms the myelin sheath in the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?
o Answer: Schwann cell
9. Which neuroglial cell is responsible for phagocytosis of debris and pathogens in the
CNS?
, o Answer: Microglia
10. What are the star-shaped glial cells that help form the blood-brain barrier?
o Answer: Astrocytes
Central Nervous System (CNS): The Brain - Major Regions
11. What are the four major regions of the brain?
- Answer: Cerebrum, Diencephalon, Brainstem, Cerebellum
12. Which brain region is responsible for higher functions like thought, memory, and
sensation?
o Answer: Cerebrum
13. What is the wrinkled, elevated ridge on the cerebral surface called?
o Answer: Gyrus (plural: Gyri)
14. What is the shallow groove between gyri called?
o Answer: Sulcus (plural: Sulci)
15. What is the deep groove that separates the two cerebral hemispheres?
o Answer: Longitudinal fissure
16. What structure connects the two cerebral hemispheres?
o Answer: Corpus callosum
17. The diencephalon consists of the thalamus, hypothalamus, and what other structure?
o Answer: Epithalamus (contains the pineal gland)
18. Which part of the diencephalon acts as a relay station for sensory information?
o Answer: Thalamus
19. Which part of the diencephalon is the autonomic control center, regulating body
temperature, hunger, and thirst?
o Answer: Hypothalamus
20. What are the three parts of the brainstem, from superior to inferior?
o Answer: Midbrain, Pons, Medulla oblongata
, 21. Which part of the brainstem contains vital autonomic centers for heart rate and
respiration?
o Answer: Medulla oblongata
22. What is the "little brain" responsible for coordination, posture, and balance?
o Answer: Cerebellum
CNS: The Brain - Ventricles & Meninges
23. What are the fluid-filled cavities within the brain called?
- Answer: Ventricles
24. What fluid circulates within the ventricles and subarachnoid space?
o Answer: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
25. What structure produces cerebrospinal fluid?
o Answer: Choroid plexus
26. What are the three protective meningeal layers from superficial to deep?
o Answer: Dura mater, Arachnoid mater, Pia mater
27. Which meninx is the tough, fibrous, outermost layer?
o Answer: Dura mater
28. In which space does cerebrospinal fluid directly circulate?
o Answer: Subarachnoid space
CNS: The Spinal Cord
29. What is the tapered, inferior end of the spinal cord called?
- Answer: Conus medullaris
30. What is the bundle of nerve roots extending from the conus medullaris called?
o Answer: Cauda equina
31. What are the two enlargements of the spinal cord where nerves to the limbs arise?
o Answer: Cervical enlargement and Lumbar enlargement
32. In cross-section, what shape does the central gray matter of the spinal cord resemble?
o Answer: An "H" or a butterfly
