pharmacodynamics
1.how the drugs act in the body. it is the branch of pharmacology that studies the actions and effects of drugs: what is
pharmacodynamics?
2.how and where the drug's effect is produced: the action of a drug is...
3.it is the type of response produced by the drug: what is meant by the "effect" of a drug?
4.action- binds to adrenergic receptors, releasing calcium effect- increases cardiac muscle contraction: what is the action vs
effect of noradrenaline?
5.increases the activity
ex- adrenaline stimulates the heart, resulting in an increase of heart rate and force of contraction: a stimulating drug does what?
6.depression of the CNS: alcohol, barbituates, and general anesthetics have what action?
7.a drug that works by decreases the activity of something: what is a depressant drug?
8.skin irritants: eucalyptus oil and methyl salicylate are examples of what drugs?
9.they can replace endogenous hormones. ex- exogenous insulin replaces nonfunctioning insulin for patients with diabetes
mellitus: some drugs work by replacement. what does this mean?
10. they are selectively toxic for some type of cell or organism. ex- antibacterials are toxic for a certain type of bacteria.
anticancer drugs are
toxic for cancer cells: some drugs are cytotoxic. what does this mean and what is the common clinical application?
11. mechanism of action: drug effects are carried out by a ________
12. 1. receptor mediated
2. nonreceptor mediated: what are the 2 categories of mechanisms of actions of drugs?
13. 1. osmosis
2. adsorption
3. demulcent
4. radioactivity: what are the types of mechanisms of action that are PHYSICAL and nonreceptor mediated?
14. the drug exerts an osmotic effect, going from the more concentrated side to the less concentrated side. this is useful for
treating edema: describe the mechanism of action of an osmotic drug
15. they adsorb toxins. so this is used to treat drug poisoning (ex- activated charcoal): how do drugs that work via adsorption
work? what is their clinical application?
16. a drug that works via a nonreceptor mediated mechanism- it coats a certain anatomical structure.
ex- cough syrup coats the inflamed mucosa of the pharynx to exert a soothing effect: what is a demulcent drug?
17. emit rays to destroy tissues.
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, pharmacodynamics
this is useful for hyperthyroidism.: radioactive drugs do what? describe what clinical application
18. antacids- they are weak base compounds that neutralize acid in the stomach via chemical action: what type of drugs have
a nonreceptor mediated radioactive action?
19. they are weak base compounds that neutralize acid in the stomach via chemical action: what is the mechanism of action
of antacids?
20. they inhibit ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) so treat hypotension, congestive cardiac failure, etc.: what is the
mechanism of action of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors?
21. they block sodium channels in neuronal membranes to block neurotransmission no receptor interaction: how do local
anaesthetics work? with receptor interaction or without?
22. vaccines: what types of drug works by antibody production?
23. receptor mediated: what is the more common mechanism of action of drugs- receptor mediated or non-receptor
mediated?
24. macromolecules on the cell surface, cytoplasm, or in the nucleus with which the drug binds and interacts to produce
cellular changes: what are receptors? 25. a drug that INDUCES a response by binding to a receptor.: what is an "agonist"?
26. high; high: full agonist drugs have _____ affinity and _______ intrinsic activity (high/low)
27. full agonist- elicits a maximal effect at the receptor (max. intrinsic activity)
partial agonist- binds to the receptor, but produces less effect (affinity, but low intrinsic activity): what are the 2 types of agonists?
28. a full agonist, when bound to the receptor, produces a maximum effect (high IA), but a partial agonist produces LESS
effect (low IA): what is the difference between a full and partial agonist?
29. increase
because they compete for receptors: in the presence of a partial agonist, we need to _______ (increase/decrease) the dose of a
full agonist. why?
30. a drug that has full affinity for the receptor, but produces an opposite effect (IA is between -1 and 0). this is rare: what is
an inverse agonist?
31. a drug with affinity for the receptor, but does not have intrinsic activity- instead, it blocks the receptor so that the agonist
cannot bind.: what is an antagonist?
32. agonist: what drugs- agonist or antagonist, have high intrinsic activity?
33. both: what drugs- agonist or antagonist, have high affinity?
34. an ion channel that when the agonist binds, it opens and ions flow through, inducing a response in the cell-
hyperpolarization or depolarization, depending on the type of channel.: what is a ligand-gated ion channel?
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1.how the drugs act in the body. it is the branch of pharmacology that studies the actions and effects of drugs: what is
pharmacodynamics?
2.how and where the drug's effect is produced: the action of a drug is...
3.it is the type of response produced by the drug: what is meant by the "effect" of a drug?
4.action- binds to adrenergic receptors, releasing calcium effect- increases cardiac muscle contraction: what is the action vs
effect of noradrenaline?
5.increases the activity
ex- adrenaline stimulates the heart, resulting in an increase of heart rate and force of contraction: a stimulating drug does what?
6.depression of the CNS: alcohol, barbituates, and general anesthetics have what action?
7.a drug that works by decreases the activity of something: what is a depressant drug?
8.skin irritants: eucalyptus oil and methyl salicylate are examples of what drugs?
9.they can replace endogenous hormones. ex- exogenous insulin replaces nonfunctioning insulin for patients with diabetes
mellitus: some drugs work by replacement. what does this mean?
10. they are selectively toxic for some type of cell or organism. ex- antibacterials are toxic for a certain type of bacteria.
anticancer drugs are
toxic for cancer cells: some drugs are cytotoxic. what does this mean and what is the common clinical application?
11. mechanism of action: drug effects are carried out by a ________
12. 1. receptor mediated
2. nonreceptor mediated: what are the 2 categories of mechanisms of actions of drugs?
13. 1. osmosis
2. adsorption
3. demulcent
4. radioactivity: what are the types of mechanisms of action that are PHYSICAL and nonreceptor mediated?
14. the drug exerts an osmotic effect, going from the more concentrated side to the less concentrated side. this is useful for
treating edema: describe the mechanism of action of an osmotic drug
15. they adsorb toxins. so this is used to treat drug poisoning (ex- activated charcoal): how do drugs that work via adsorption
work? what is their clinical application?
16. a drug that works via a nonreceptor mediated mechanism- it coats a certain anatomical structure.
ex- cough syrup coats the inflamed mucosa of the pharynx to exert a soothing effect: what is a demulcent drug?
17. emit rays to destroy tissues.
1/8
, pharmacodynamics
this is useful for hyperthyroidism.: radioactive drugs do what? describe what clinical application
18. antacids- they are weak base compounds that neutralize acid in the stomach via chemical action: what type of drugs have
a nonreceptor mediated radioactive action?
19. they are weak base compounds that neutralize acid in the stomach via chemical action: what is the mechanism of action
of antacids?
20. they inhibit ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) so treat hypotension, congestive cardiac failure, etc.: what is the
mechanism of action of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors?
21. they block sodium channels in neuronal membranes to block neurotransmission no receptor interaction: how do local
anaesthetics work? with receptor interaction or without?
22. vaccines: what types of drug works by antibody production?
23. receptor mediated: what is the more common mechanism of action of drugs- receptor mediated or non-receptor
mediated?
24. macromolecules on the cell surface, cytoplasm, or in the nucleus with which the drug binds and interacts to produce
cellular changes: what are receptors? 25. a drug that INDUCES a response by binding to a receptor.: what is an "agonist"?
26. high; high: full agonist drugs have _____ affinity and _______ intrinsic activity (high/low)
27. full agonist- elicits a maximal effect at the receptor (max. intrinsic activity)
partial agonist- binds to the receptor, but produces less effect (affinity, but low intrinsic activity): what are the 2 types of agonists?
28. a full agonist, when bound to the receptor, produces a maximum effect (high IA), but a partial agonist produces LESS
effect (low IA): what is the difference between a full and partial agonist?
29. increase
because they compete for receptors: in the presence of a partial agonist, we need to _______ (increase/decrease) the dose of a
full agonist. why?
30. a drug that has full affinity for the receptor, but produces an opposite effect (IA is between -1 and 0). this is rare: what is
an inverse agonist?
31. a drug with affinity for the receptor, but does not have intrinsic activity- instead, it blocks the receptor so that the agonist
cannot bind.: what is an antagonist?
32. agonist: what drugs- agonist or antagonist, have high intrinsic activity?
33. both: what drugs- agonist or antagonist, have high affinity?
34. an ion channel that when the agonist binds, it opens and ions flow through, inducing a response in the cell-
hyperpolarization or depolarization, depending on the type of channel.: what is a ligand-gated ion channel?
2/8
