Epidemiology PHC 6001: Exam 1 Review Questions & Answers
Terms in this set (117)
Chapter 1 PUBLIC HEALTH AND EPIDEMIOLOGY
count cases, records. It quantifies how often a disease arises in a population. Its
Disease Frequency calculation involves establishing the disease definition, counting cases (numerator),
and determining the size of the underlying population (denominator)
who, what, when, where of the disease. It refers to the pattern of disease according
Disease Distribution to the characteristics of person (who is getting the disease?), place (where it occurs),
and time (how is it changing over time?)
a characteristic that influences whether or not the disease occurs. Determinants of
A determinant is...
disease can be influenced by the individual, social surroundings, and environment.
-Is there an association between EXPOSURE to a risk factor or a personal
characteristic and DEVELOPMENT of disease?
How do we identify the cause of a disease?
-Is the association causal?
- Descriptive data is important to identifying the causes of disease.
(1850-1900) Specific organisms cause specific diseases. Resulted from advances in
science that allowed viruses and bacteria to be visualized, isolated, and used to
Germ Theory of disease
cause disease in healthy animals.
These steps were known as Koch Postulates.
One of the 10 great achievements of public Inclusion of seat belts in all cars
health in the 20th century was:
-The frequency and distribution of diseases
Epidemiologists are interested in learning
-The causes of disease and ways to control or cure them and
about:
-The causal relationships between diseases
Match the epidemiologist with the
work/discovery he is historically known for:
Semmelweis Hand hygiene and prevention of Puerperal Fever
Experimental study of diet and scurvy. One of the earliest experimental studies on
Lind treatment of scurvy among sailors.. Consumption of oranges and lemons was most
effective for scurvy tx.
, Published an analysis of the Bills of Mortality- patterns of mortality and discovered
Graunt
regularity of deaths and births.
Combined data on births, marriages, and deaths with census data on the population
Farr
size.
Koch Developed postulates to explain the causes of cholera and TB
Believed that Cholera was caused by a "germ" spread through contaminated water.
Snow
Shoe leather EPIDEMIOLOGY.
This historic disease theory said that Zyme Theory
disease was a result of contact with
decaying animal or vegetable matter:
PH is a multidisciplinary field whose goal is to promote the health of populations
Public Health
through organized community efforts.
The study of the distribution and determinants of disease frequency in human pop's
and the application of this study to control health problems. Disease refers to a
Epidemiology
broad array of health-related states and events including diseases, injuries,
disabilities, and death.
Chapter 2 MEASURES OF DISEASE FREQUENCY AND POPULATIONS IN EPIDEMIOLOGY
Population A population is a group of people with a common characterisitic
Is to study the natural course of disease, to determine the extent of disease in a
What are the main objective of population, to identify patterns and trends in disease occurrence, to identify the
Epidemiology? causes of disease, and to evaluate the effectiveness of measures that prevent and
treat disease.
Fixed population membership is permanent and defined by an event. Ex. Atomic Bomb survivors
aka open pop/transient member and is defined by being in or out of a "state". Ex.
Dynamic popultion
residents of Miami, FL. They can move and come back.
Ratio- division of 2 unrelated #'s (i.e. sex ratio in FL--ratio of males to females)
Proportion- division of 2 related #'s; numerator is subset of denominator. Will always
The Ratio, Proportion, and Rate are
be expressed between 0 and 1 or 0% to 100% (i.e. proportion of the Florida
calculations used to help describe disease
population who are black in 2010)
frequency.
Rate- division of 2 related #'s; TIME is always in the denominator (i.e. cases /
population / one year -- 500 cases/100,000 population/ one year)
*MEASURING NEW CASES OF DISEASE
# of cases / population = per year
Measuring disease frequency:
Disease Frequency Morbidity- frequency of disease (incidence or prevalence)
-Incidence-occurrence of new disease
-Prevalence- existence of current disease
Quantifies number of NEW cases of disease that develop in a population at risk
during a specified time period.
3 key concepts:
-new disease events
-population at risk
Incidence
-diseases develop over time
TWO INCIDENCE MEASURES:
- CUMULATIVE INCIDENCE (CI)
- INCIDENCE RATE (IR)
Terms in this set (117)
Chapter 1 PUBLIC HEALTH AND EPIDEMIOLOGY
count cases, records. It quantifies how often a disease arises in a population. Its
Disease Frequency calculation involves establishing the disease definition, counting cases (numerator),
and determining the size of the underlying population (denominator)
who, what, when, where of the disease. It refers to the pattern of disease according
Disease Distribution to the characteristics of person (who is getting the disease?), place (where it occurs),
and time (how is it changing over time?)
a characteristic that influences whether or not the disease occurs. Determinants of
A determinant is...
disease can be influenced by the individual, social surroundings, and environment.
-Is there an association between EXPOSURE to a risk factor or a personal
characteristic and DEVELOPMENT of disease?
How do we identify the cause of a disease?
-Is the association causal?
- Descriptive data is important to identifying the causes of disease.
(1850-1900) Specific organisms cause specific diseases. Resulted from advances in
science that allowed viruses and bacteria to be visualized, isolated, and used to
Germ Theory of disease
cause disease in healthy animals.
These steps were known as Koch Postulates.
One of the 10 great achievements of public Inclusion of seat belts in all cars
health in the 20th century was:
-The frequency and distribution of diseases
Epidemiologists are interested in learning
-The causes of disease and ways to control or cure them and
about:
-The causal relationships between diseases
Match the epidemiologist with the
work/discovery he is historically known for:
Semmelweis Hand hygiene and prevention of Puerperal Fever
Experimental study of diet and scurvy. One of the earliest experimental studies on
Lind treatment of scurvy among sailors.. Consumption of oranges and lemons was most
effective for scurvy tx.
, Published an analysis of the Bills of Mortality- patterns of mortality and discovered
Graunt
regularity of deaths and births.
Combined data on births, marriages, and deaths with census data on the population
Farr
size.
Koch Developed postulates to explain the causes of cholera and TB
Believed that Cholera was caused by a "germ" spread through contaminated water.
Snow
Shoe leather EPIDEMIOLOGY.
This historic disease theory said that Zyme Theory
disease was a result of contact with
decaying animal or vegetable matter:
PH is a multidisciplinary field whose goal is to promote the health of populations
Public Health
through organized community efforts.
The study of the distribution and determinants of disease frequency in human pop's
and the application of this study to control health problems. Disease refers to a
Epidemiology
broad array of health-related states and events including diseases, injuries,
disabilities, and death.
Chapter 2 MEASURES OF DISEASE FREQUENCY AND POPULATIONS IN EPIDEMIOLOGY
Population A population is a group of people with a common characterisitic
Is to study the natural course of disease, to determine the extent of disease in a
What are the main objective of population, to identify patterns and trends in disease occurrence, to identify the
Epidemiology? causes of disease, and to evaluate the effectiveness of measures that prevent and
treat disease.
Fixed population membership is permanent and defined by an event. Ex. Atomic Bomb survivors
aka open pop/transient member and is defined by being in or out of a "state". Ex.
Dynamic popultion
residents of Miami, FL. They can move and come back.
Ratio- division of 2 unrelated #'s (i.e. sex ratio in FL--ratio of males to females)
Proportion- division of 2 related #'s; numerator is subset of denominator. Will always
The Ratio, Proportion, and Rate are
be expressed between 0 and 1 or 0% to 100% (i.e. proportion of the Florida
calculations used to help describe disease
population who are black in 2010)
frequency.
Rate- division of 2 related #'s; TIME is always in the denominator (i.e. cases /
population / one year -- 500 cases/100,000 population/ one year)
*MEASURING NEW CASES OF DISEASE
# of cases / population = per year
Measuring disease frequency:
Disease Frequency Morbidity- frequency of disease (incidence or prevalence)
-Incidence-occurrence of new disease
-Prevalence- existence of current disease
Quantifies number of NEW cases of disease that develop in a population at risk
during a specified time period.
3 key concepts:
-new disease events
-population at risk
Incidence
-diseases develop over time
TWO INCIDENCE MEASURES:
- CUMULATIVE INCIDENCE (CI)
- INCIDENCE RATE (IR)
