BIOS 255 Comprehensive Exam Questions and Answers

BIOS 255 Comprehensive Exam Questions and Answers Stroke Volume (SV) EDV-ESV Cardiac Output (CO) SV x HR Pulse Pressure (PP) SBP-DBP Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) diastolic pressure + pulse pressure/3 What is the QRS complex of an ECG? ventricular depolarization endocrine cells release their secretions directly into body fluids exocrine glands secrete chemical substances into ducts that lead either to other organs or out of the body nerve that innervates the diaphragm phrenic nerve Synergist muscle that aids the prime mover precentral gyrus primary motor cortex osteoclasts function resorption, breakdown of bone matrix Osteoblasts bone forming cells Agglutination clumping of red blood cells pulmonary valve This valve is located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. It stops blood from flowing backward into the right ventricle. aortic valve The semilunar valve separating the aorta from the left ventricle that prevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle. blood colloid osmotic pressure The largest driving force for pulling fluid from the interstitial spaces back into the capillaries is muscles of the hamstrings biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus Diaphysis shaft of a long bone Condyle A smooth, rounded articular process protein fibers of connective tissue elastic fibers, collagen, reticular fibers negative feedback a mechanism of response in which a stimulus initiates reactions that reduce the stimulus positive feedback mechanism that intensifies a change in the body's physiological condition in response to a stimulus Keratin hard protein material found in the epidermis, hair, and nails complete tetanus Condition in which impulses arrive so fast the muscle cannot relax between stimuli and twitches merge into one prolonged contraction Cranial Nerve X: Vagus • Type: Sensory/Motor • Function: Pain and temperature from ear, sensations from pharynx, larynx, thoracic and abdominal viscera. Muscles of the soft palate, larynx and pharynx. Thoracic and abdominal viscera, cells of secretory glands, cardiac and smooth muscles innervation to the level of the splenic feature tunica media The middle and thickest layer of tissue of a blood vessel wall, composed of elastic tissue and smooth muscle cells that allow the vessel to expand or contract in response to changes in blood pressure and tissue demand. tunica externa outer layer of a blood vessel which connects it to surrounding tissues tunica intima the innermost layer of a blood vessel, composed of a single layer of squamous epithelial cells over a sheet of connective tissue; its smooth, frictionless surface allows blood to flow smoothly through the vessel The following is a list of the events that occur during a muscle contraction. What is the correct sequence of these events? 1. Myosin cross-bridges bind to the actin. 2. The free myosin head splits ATP. 3. Calcium ion is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. 4. The myosin head pivots toward the center of the sarcomere. 5. Calcium ion binds to troponin. 6. The myosin head binds an ATP molecule and detaches from the actin.