KUBY IMMUNOLOGY EXAM 1 CH'S 1-6
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Which is the best definition of "immunity"? - Correct Answers -a.The state of having
been exposed to a pathogen repeatedly
b.The state of being resistant to reinfection with a pathogen <- Correct!
c.When an individual has never been exposed to a pathogen
d.When the immune system is activated
e.When physical barriers are not enough to prevent infection
Effectors of the humoral immune system are known as - Correct Answers -a.antibodies
b.immunoglobulin
c.complement
d.B cells
e.All of the above <-Correct!
Which of the following cell types are lymphocytes? - Correct Answers -Macrophages
Mast cells
Neutrophils
Erythrocytes
T cells <-Correct!
Which of the following is TRUE about antigens? - Correct Answers -They are always
derived from pathogens.
They are always proteins.
Correct Answer -They are recognized by T cells or B cells.
They must be microbial in origin.
They usually cause cellular damage.
Which of the following classes of cell surface receptors are directly encoded in the
germline? - Correct Answers -TCR
BCR
Correct! PRR
Antibodies
All of the above
What is the central mechanism for establishing self-tolerance? - Correct Answers -a.
Self-reactive T cells and B cells are killed during development. <-Correct!
, b. Individuals that have immune systems that respond to self-antigens do not survive to
reproduce.
c. Immune cells that react to self-antigens are turned off when they recognize self-
tissues.
d. Certain immune suppressive cytokines are maintained in tissues to dampen auto
reactive immune responses.
e. Peripheral tissues have mechanisms to kill T or B cells that respond to them.
Which of the following BEST describes chemokines? - Correct Answers -a. Membrane
receptors that detect the presence of soluble messengers in the environment
b. Soluble proteins that recruit specific cells to an area Correct Answer
c. Chemical messengers that induce cell differentiation
d. Transcription factors that induce the expression of genes involved in cell adhesion
e. Adhesion molecules that bind to the inside of blood vessels
Which of the following statements BEST differentiates innate and adaptive immune
responses? - Correct Answers -a. Innate responses are stronger during the primary and
less important during the secondary response, while adaptive responses are less robust
during primary responses and stronger during secondary responses. <-Correct!
b. Innate responses are weaker during the primary and more robust during the
secondary response, while adaptive responses are stronger during the primary and
weaker during secondary responses.
c. Innate responses are slower and weaker than adaptive responses.
d. Adaptive responses are slower and weaker than innate responses.
e. Adaptive responses are required for effective immune responses, while innate
responses are not required.
True or False? The innate and adaptive immune responses largely work independently
of one another. - Correct Answers -True
False <-Correct!
How do memory cells develop? - Correct Answers -a. Upon reinfection, memory centers
in the brain send signals to the bone marrow to induce T-cell and B-cell differentiation.
b. T cells and B cells from the primary response persist and become reactivated. <-
Correct!
c. Innate cells are trained to activate new T cells and B cells more quickly with
secondary infection.
d. T cells and B cells from the primary infection slowly mutate their receptors over time,
priming themselves for the secondary response.
e. Innate cells modify their cell surface receptors to prepare for reinfection.
Conditions in which the immune system attacks self-antigens are known as - Correct
Answers -Correct! autoimmunity
immune deficiency.
hypersensitivities
neuroplasias
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Which is the best definition of "immunity"? - Correct Answers -a.The state of having
been exposed to a pathogen repeatedly
b.The state of being resistant to reinfection with a pathogen <- Correct!
c.When an individual has never been exposed to a pathogen
d.When the immune system is activated
e.When physical barriers are not enough to prevent infection
Effectors of the humoral immune system are known as - Correct Answers -a.antibodies
b.immunoglobulin
c.complement
d.B cells
e.All of the above <-Correct!
Which of the following cell types are lymphocytes? - Correct Answers -Macrophages
Mast cells
Neutrophils
Erythrocytes
T cells <-Correct!
Which of the following is TRUE about antigens? - Correct Answers -They are always
derived from pathogens.
They are always proteins.
Correct Answer -They are recognized by T cells or B cells.
They must be microbial in origin.
They usually cause cellular damage.
Which of the following classes of cell surface receptors are directly encoded in the
germline? - Correct Answers -TCR
BCR
Correct! PRR
Antibodies
All of the above
What is the central mechanism for establishing self-tolerance? - Correct Answers -a.
Self-reactive T cells and B cells are killed during development. <-Correct!
, b. Individuals that have immune systems that respond to self-antigens do not survive to
reproduce.
c. Immune cells that react to self-antigens are turned off when they recognize self-
tissues.
d. Certain immune suppressive cytokines are maintained in tissues to dampen auto
reactive immune responses.
e. Peripheral tissues have mechanisms to kill T or B cells that respond to them.
Which of the following BEST describes chemokines? - Correct Answers -a. Membrane
receptors that detect the presence of soluble messengers in the environment
b. Soluble proteins that recruit specific cells to an area Correct Answer
c. Chemical messengers that induce cell differentiation
d. Transcription factors that induce the expression of genes involved in cell adhesion
e. Adhesion molecules that bind to the inside of blood vessels
Which of the following statements BEST differentiates innate and adaptive immune
responses? - Correct Answers -a. Innate responses are stronger during the primary and
less important during the secondary response, while adaptive responses are less robust
during primary responses and stronger during secondary responses. <-Correct!
b. Innate responses are weaker during the primary and more robust during the
secondary response, while adaptive responses are stronger during the primary and
weaker during secondary responses.
c. Innate responses are slower and weaker than adaptive responses.
d. Adaptive responses are slower and weaker than innate responses.
e. Adaptive responses are required for effective immune responses, while innate
responses are not required.
True or False? The innate and adaptive immune responses largely work independently
of one another. - Correct Answers -True
False <-Correct!
How do memory cells develop? - Correct Answers -a. Upon reinfection, memory centers
in the brain send signals to the bone marrow to induce T-cell and B-cell differentiation.
b. T cells and B cells from the primary response persist and become reactivated. <-
Correct!
c. Innate cells are trained to activate new T cells and B cells more quickly with
secondary infection.
d. T cells and B cells from the primary infection slowly mutate their receptors over time,
priming themselves for the secondary response.
e. Innate cells modify their cell surface receptors to prepare for reinfection.
Conditions in which the immune system attacks self-antigens are known as - Correct
Answers -Correct! autoimmunity
immune deficiency.
hypersensitivities
neuroplasias
