IMMUNOLOGY FINAL (KUBY CH 1-13)
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Define "immunity" - Correct Answers -The state of being resistant to reinfection with a
pathogen
What happens to a pathogen as it becomes attenuated? - Correct Answers -It has
weakened virulence
Which of the following is the BEST example of herd immunity? - Correct Answers -A
child infected with measles travels from Germany to the USA. Several babies contract
the disease, but the outbreak is largely contained due to vaccinations.
Which of the following diseases does NOT currently have an effective vaccine?
A) Chicken Pox
B) Polio
C) HIV
D) Small pox
E) Diphtheria - Correct Answers -HIV
Effectors of the humoral immune system are known as:
A) Antibodies
B) Immunoglobulin
C) Complement
D) B Cells
E) All of the above - Correct Answers -All of the above (antibodies, immunoglobulin,
complement, B cells)
Which of the following cell types are lymphocytes?
A) Macrophages
B) Mast Cells
C) Neutrophils
D) Erythrocytes
E) T-cells - Correct Answers -T cells
Which of the following is TRUE regarding antigens?
A) They are always derived from pathogens
,B) They are always proteins
C) They are recognized by T cells and B cells
D) They must be microbial in origin
E) They usually cause cellular damage - Correct Answers -They are recognized by T
cells and B cells
Two main early theories were proposed to explain how antigen-specific antibodies
develop: the instructional theory and the selective theory. How did the two theories
differ? Which was ultimately proven to be correct? - Correct Answers -The selective
theory states that when an antigen receptor binds with an antigen, the cell becomes
activated (or the cell is selected to proliferate and secrete more copies of the receptor).
The instructional theory says that the antigen receptor molds itself to the antigen.
The selective theory was shown to be correct.
Which of the following is a fungal pathogen? - Correct Answers -Candida albicans
Which of the following cell types is MOST commonly associated with recognizing
antigens found inside of cells? - Correct Answers -CTL (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte)
Which of the following classes of cell surface receptors are directly encoded in the
germline? - Correct Answers -PRR (pattern recognition receptor)
What is the central mechanism for establishing self-tolerance? - Correct Answers -Self-
reactive T cells and B cells are killed during development
What are the hallmarks of inflammation? Describe the physical characteristics of
someone experiencing an inflammatory response. - Correct Answers -Redness,
swelling, heat, pain.
Someone experiencing inflammation may have localized swelling, redness or itching,
and may be experiencing faintness due to a lowering of blood pressure if more severe
What are chemokines? - Correct Answers -Soluble proteins that recruit specific cells to
an area
Contrast innate vs. adaptive immunity: - Correct Answers -Innate responses are
stronger during the primary and less important during the secondary response, while
adaptive responses are less robust during primary responses and stronger during
secondary responses
True or False:
The innate and adaptive immune responses largely work independently of one another.
- Correct Answers -FALSE
How do memory cells develop? - Correct Answers -T cells and B cells from the primary
response persist and become reactivated
, Give an example of a hypersensitivity reaction: - Correct Answers -Inflammation of the
airways in response to pollen
The hygiene hypothesis posits that there is a connection between environmental
conditions and certain inappropriate immune responses. If you were a supporter of this
hypothesis, what recommendations would you make to keep people healthier? - Correct
Answers -Expose children to more common antigens found in soil/the outdoors.
Reduce use of antimicrobials/hand sanitizers.
HIV is a/an:
A) hypersensitivity reaction
B) immunodeficiency - Correct Answers -Immunodeficiency
Predict the outcome of being immunosuppressed as it relates to the development of
cancer: - Correct Answers -Immunosuppressed individuals are at a higher risk of cancer
because the immune system recognizes and destroys cancerous cells
What occurs when someone receives a transplant from an unrelated individual? -
Correct Answers -The host's lymphocytes enter the tissues and become activated
Conditions in which the immune system attacks self-antigens are known as: - Correct
Answers -Autoimmunity
All blood cells in an adult human can trace their ancestry to which compartment in the
body? - Correct Answers -Bone marrow
A pluripotent stem cell can do which of the following:
A) differentiate into a finite number of different cell types
B) differentiate into any type of cell found in the adult
C) divide an infinite number of times
D) all of the above - Correct Answers -all of the above
Which of the following is the pluripotent stem cell that gives rise to all blood cells? -
Correct Answers -HSC (hematopoietic stem cell)
From which of the following stem cells are NK cells derived? - Correct Answers -CLP
(common lymphoid progenitor)
From which of the following stem cells are dendritic cells derived? - Correct Answers -
Both CLP (common lymphoid progenitor) and CMP (common myeloid progenitor
From which of the following stem cells are platelets derived? - Correct Answers -
Common myeloid progenitor (CMP)
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Define "immunity" - Correct Answers -The state of being resistant to reinfection with a
pathogen
What happens to a pathogen as it becomes attenuated? - Correct Answers -It has
weakened virulence
Which of the following is the BEST example of herd immunity? - Correct Answers -A
child infected with measles travels from Germany to the USA. Several babies contract
the disease, but the outbreak is largely contained due to vaccinations.
Which of the following diseases does NOT currently have an effective vaccine?
A) Chicken Pox
B) Polio
C) HIV
D) Small pox
E) Diphtheria - Correct Answers -HIV
Effectors of the humoral immune system are known as:
A) Antibodies
B) Immunoglobulin
C) Complement
D) B Cells
E) All of the above - Correct Answers -All of the above (antibodies, immunoglobulin,
complement, B cells)
Which of the following cell types are lymphocytes?
A) Macrophages
B) Mast Cells
C) Neutrophils
D) Erythrocytes
E) T-cells - Correct Answers -T cells
Which of the following is TRUE regarding antigens?
A) They are always derived from pathogens
,B) They are always proteins
C) They are recognized by T cells and B cells
D) They must be microbial in origin
E) They usually cause cellular damage - Correct Answers -They are recognized by T
cells and B cells
Two main early theories were proposed to explain how antigen-specific antibodies
develop: the instructional theory and the selective theory. How did the two theories
differ? Which was ultimately proven to be correct? - Correct Answers -The selective
theory states that when an antigen receptor binds with an antigen, the cell becomes
activated (or the cell is selected to proliferate and secrete more copies of the receptor).
The instructional theory says that the antigen receptor molds itself to the antigen.
The selective theory was shown to be correct.
Which of the following is a fungal pathogen? - Correct Answers -Candida albicans
Which of the following cell types is MOST commonly associated with recognizing
antigens found inside of cells? - Correct Answers -CTL (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte)
Which of the following classes of cell surface receptors are directly encoded in the
germline? - Correct Answers -PRR (pattern recognition receptor)
What is the central mechanism for establishing self-tolerance? - Correct Answers -Self-
reactive T cells and B cells are killed during development
What are the hallmarks of inflammation? Describe the physical characteristics of
someone experiencing an inflammatory response. - Correct Answers -Redness,
swelling, heat, pain.
Someone experiencing inflammation may have localized swelling, redness or itching,
and may be experiencing faintness due to a lowering of blood pressure if more severe
What are chemokines? - Correct Answers -Soluble proteins that recruit specific cells to
an area
Contrast innate vs. adaptive immunity: - Correct Answers -Innate responses are
stronger during the primary and less important during the secondary response, while
adaptive responses are less robust during primary responses and stronger during
secondary responses
True or False:
The innate and adaptive immune responses largely work independently of one another.
- Correct Answers -FALSE
How do memory cells develop? - Correct Answers -T cells and B cells from the primary
response persist and become reactivated
, Give an example of a hypersensitivity reaction: - Correct Answers -Inflammation of the
airways in response to pollen
The hygiene hypothesis posits that there is a connection between environmental
conditions and certain inappropriate immune responses. If you were a supporter of this
hypothesis, what recommendations would you make to keep people healthier? - Correct
Answers -Expose children to more common antigens found in soil/the outdoors.
Reduce use of antimicrobials/hand sanitizers.
HIV is a/an:
A) hypersensitivity reaction
B) immunodeficiency - Correct Answers -Immunodeficiency
Predict the outcome of being immunosuppressed as it relates to the development of
cancer: - Correct Answers -Immunosuppressed individuals are at a higher risk of cancer
because the immune system recognizes and destroys cancerous cells
What occurs when someone receives a transplant from an unrelated individual? -
Correct Answers -The host's lymphocytes enter the tissues and become activated
Conditions in which the immune system attacks self-antigens are known as: - Correct
Answers -Autoimmunity
All blood cells in an adult human can trace their ancestry to which compartment in the
body? - Correct Answers -Bone marrow
A pluripotent stem cell can do which of the following:
A) differentiate into a finite number of different cell types
B) differentiate into any type of cell found in the adult
C) divide an infinite number of times
D) all of the above - Correct Answers -all of the above
Which of the following is the pluripotent stem cell that gives rise to all blood cells? -
Correct Answers -HSC (hematopoietic stem cell)
From which of the following stem cells are NK cells derived? - Correct Answers -CLP
(common lymphoid progenitor)
From which of the following stem cells are dendritic cells derived? - Correct Answers -
Both CLP (common lymphoid progenitor) and CMP (common myeloid progenitor
From which of the following stem cells are platelets derived? - Correct Answers -
Common myeloid progenitor (CMP)
