KRM 320 B Chapter 6
Erin Polyblank
STUDY UNIT 6: HUMAN TRAFFICKING
PRESENTATION
INTRODUCTION
An estimated 50 million slaves (forced labour) exist in the world today, more
than at any time in human history.
o North Korea is the country with the highest rate of people experiencing
modern slavery in 2023, with as many as 104/1000 inhabitants serving as
slaves.
o Eritrea has 90 people 1000 inhabitants.
India ranks first (11,050,000 people in modern slavery), followed by China
(5,771,000), North Korea (2,696,000), Pakistan (2,349,000), Russia
(1,899,000), Indonesia (1,833,000) and Nigeria (1,611,000).
Modern slavery includes forced labour, debt bondage, forced marriage,
slavery and slavery-like practices, and human trafficking.
Approximately 600 000 – 800 000 people are annually trafficked across
borders internationally.
It is estimated that 80% of all trafficked persons are women and children.
o Sexual exploitation is by far the most commonly identified form of human
trafficking.
OVERVIEW
Globalization, poverty, violence, and greed facilitate the growth of slavery,
not only in the Third World, but in the most developed countries as well.
Commerce in human beings today rivals drug trafficking and the illegal arms
trade for top criminal activity on the planet.
Poverty and social inequality ensure a growing pool of recruits.
o Parents in dire straits may sell their children or at least be susceptible to
scams that will allow the slave trader to take control over the lives of their
children.
Trafficked victims, particularly female children and women, are often
molested, raped, and tortured.
o Rescued victims are sometimes not adequately supported due to
insufficient understanding of their needs by service providers.
1
, KRM 320 B Chapter 6
Erin Polyblank
The first widely documented incidence of human trafficking in South Africa
took place in 1810, shortly before human slavery was abolished.
o This was about Saartjie Baartman who consented to travel to London and
later France in search of greener pastures.
After arriving in London, she was viciously violated and exploited, to
the extent of being exhibited in the nude before crowds in London who
paid one shilling per person to “gawk at the Hottentots Venus from
Africa”
International legal frameworks on human trafficking began in the 20 th century
with the introduction of two instruments:
o International Agreement for the Suppression of the White Slave Traffic
1904
o International Convention for the Suppression of the White Slave Traffic
1910.
This instrument were adopted in response to the growing sale of women in
prostitution in Europe.
o They were limited on racial, gender and geographical grounds.
o Their scope was also only limited to sexual exploitation of white girls and
women.
2 treaties were adopted following the League of nations at the 1919 Paris
Peace Conference:
o The International Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Women
and Children 1921.
o The International Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Women of
Full Age 1933.
The scope these conventions was extended to women of all races and
ethnicities as well as incorporating both males and females.
o They failed to address the exploitative and of sexual exploitation, which is
prostitution.
Lower class countries are likely to be trafficking as they have little
opportunities and there is a high demand than they are likely to take people
from dire straits.
NATURE OF TRAFFICKING IN HUMANS
Trafficking in persons shall mean the recruitment, transportation, transfer,
harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use by force or
2
Erin Polyblank
STUDY UNIT 6: HUMAN TRAFFICKING
PRESENTATION
INTRODUCTION
An estimated 50 million slaves (forced labour) exist in the world today, more
than at any time in human history.
o North Korea is the country with the highest rate of people experiencing
modern slavery in 2023, with as many as 104/1000 inhabitants serving as
slaves.
o Eritrea has 90 people 1000 inhabitants.
India ranks first (11,050,000 people in modern slavery), followed by China
(5,771,000), North Korea (2,696,000), Pakistan (2,349,000), Russia
(1,899,000), Indonesia (1,833,000) and Nigeria (1,611,000).
Modern slavery includes forced labour, debt bondage, forced marriage,
slavery and slavery-like practices, and human trafficking.
Approximately 600 000 – 800 000 people are annually trafficked across
borders internationally.
It is estimated that 80% of all trafficked persons are women and children.
o Sexual exploitation is by far the most commonly identified form of human
trafficking.
OVERVIEW
Globalization, poverty, violence, and greed facilitate the growth of slavery,
not only in the Third World, but in the most developed countries as well.
Commerce in human beings today rivals drug trafficking and the illegal arms
trade for top criminal activity on the planet.
Poverty and social inequality ensure a growing pool of recruits.
o Parents in dire straits may sell their children or at least be susceptible to
scams that will allow the slave trader to take control over the lives of their
children.
Trafficked victims, particularly female children and women, are often
molested, raped, and tortured.
o Rescued victims are sometimes not adequately supported due to
insufficient understanding of their needs by service providers.
1
, KRM 320 B Chapter 6
Erin Polyblank
The first widely documented incidence of human trafficking in South Africa
took place in 1810, shortly before human slavery was abolished.
o This was about Saartjie Baartman who consented to travel to London and
later France in search of greener pastures.
After arriving in London, she was viciously violated and exploited, to
the extent of being exhibited in the nude before crowds in London who
paid one shilling per person to “gawk at the Hottentots Venus from
Africa”
International legal frameworks on human trafficking began in the 20 th century
with the introduction of two instruments:
o International Agreement for the Suppression of the White Slave Traffic
1904
o International Convention for the Suppression of the White Slave Traffic
1910.
This instrument were adopted in response to the growing sale of women in
prostitution in Europe.
o They were limited on racial, gender and geographical grounds.
o Their scope was also only limited to sexual exploitation of white girls and
women.
2 treaties were adopted following the League of nations at the 1919 Paris
Peace Conference:
o The International Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Women
and Children 1921.
o The International Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Women of
Full Age 1933.
The scope these conventions was extended to women of all races and
ethnicities as well as incorporating both males and females.
o They failed to address the exploitative and of sexual exploitation, which is
prostitution.
Lower class countries are likely to be trafficking as they have little
opportunities and there is a high demand than they are likely to take people
from dire straits.
NATURE OF TRAFFICKING IN HUMANS
Trafficking in persons shall mean the recruitment, transportation, transfer,
harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use by force or
2
