BIOS 251 - WEEK 3 & 4 / EXAM 2
WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
2025/2026
What is the purpose of the Cytoskeleton? correct answers >>
It provides structural support for the cell, aides in cell motility
(Movement) and moves organelles.
What are cells composed of? correct answers >> They are
composed of a plasma (Cell Membrane), cytoplasm, cytosol,
nucleus, and cytoskeleton.
Cytosol correct answers >> Clear gel within the cell
sometimes referred to as Intracellular Fluid (ICF).
Cytoplasm correct answers >> ALL FLUID and COMPONENTS
between the nucleus and cell membrane (Includes the cytosol and
cytoskeleton).
What molecules are embedded in the phospholipid bilayer?
correct answers >> Transmembrane proteins, peripheral
proteins, cholesterol, and sugars (glycolipids and glycoproteins).
Plasma membrane proteins? correct answers >> Membrane
channel proteins, Glycoproteins, Enzymes, CAMs, Receptor
proteins, and Second-messenger system.
,What is the function of a receptor? correct answers >> Binds
to chemical messengers such as hormones sent by other cells.
What is the function of an enzyme? correct answers >>
Breaks down a chemical messenger and terminates its effects.
What is the function of a channel? correct answers >> Allows
solutes to pass into and out of the cell. Always open.
What is the function of a gated channel? correct answers >>
Opens and closes to allow solutes only at a certain time
What is the function of a Cell identity marker (Glycoprotein)?
correct answers >> Distinguishes the body's own cells from
foreign cells.
What is the function of a Cell Adhesion Molecule (CAMs)?
correct answers >> Binds one cell to another
What is passive transport? correct answers >> The
movement of materials across the cell membrane without using
energy (ATP). Occurs from high to low concentration.
What is simple diffusion? correct answers >> Molecules move
from high to low concentration, with or without a membrane, and
with or without channel proteins.
, What is facilitated diffusion? correct answers >> Polar
molecules move through a channel protein, from a high to low
concentration.
What is osmosis? correct answers >> WATER MOLECULES
move directly through a membrane or through special proteins
called Aquaporins. High to low concentration.
What is hypertonicity? correct answers >> Solutions have
high ECF osmolarity. Water moves out of the cell, causing the cell
to shrink.
What is Isotonicity? correct answers >> Solutions have the
same osmolarity, no movement into or out of the cell.
What is Hypotonicity? correct answers >> Solutions have low
ECF osmolarity. Water moves into the cell, causing swelling and
potential bursting.
What is active transport? correct answers >> Utilizes energy
to move substance against the concentration gradient, lower to
higher concentration.
Depends on a few factors: ATP, membrane proteins,
concentration of molecules, and membrane potentials.
What is bulk transport? correct answers >> The movement of
large molecules by way of vesicles.
What is endocytosis? correct answers >> Transports
materials into the cell
WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
2025/2026
What is the purpose of the Cytoskeleton? correct answers >>
It provides structural support for the cell, aides in cell motility
(Movement) and moves organelles.
What are cells composed of? correct answers >> They are
composed of a plasma (Cell Membrane), cytoplasm, cytosol,
nucleus, and cytoskeleton.
Cytosol correct answers >> Clear gel within the cell
sometimes referred to as Intracellular Fluid (ICF).
Cytoplasm correct answers >> ALL FLUID and COMPONENTS
between the nucleus and cell membrane (Includes the cytosol and
cytoskeleton).
What molecules are embedded in the phospholipid bilayer?
correct answers >> Transmembrane proteins, peripheral
proteins, cholesterol, and sugars (glycolipids and glycoproteins).
Plasma membrane proteins? correct answers >> Membrane
channel proteins, Glycoproteins, Enzymes, CAMs, Receptor
proteins, and Second-messenger system.
,What is the function of a receptor? correct answers >> Binds
to chemical messengers such as hormones sent by other cells.
What is the function of an enzyme? correct answers >>
Breaks down a chemical messenger and terminates its effects.
What is the function of a channel? correct answers >> Allows
solutes to pass into and out of the cell. Always open.
What is the function of a gated channel? correct answers >>
Opens and closes to allow solutes only at a certain time
What is the function of a Cell identity marker (Glycoprotein)?
correct answers >> Distinguishes the body's own cells from
foreign cells.
What is the function of a Cell Adhesion Molecule (CAMs)?
correct answers >> Binds one cell to another
What is passive transport? correct answers >> The
movement of materials across the cell membrane without using
energy (ATP). Occurs from high to low concentration.
What is simple diffusion? correct answers >> Molecules move
from high to low concentration, with or without a membrane, and
with or without channel proteins.
, What is facilitated diffusion? correct answers >> Polar
molecules move through a channel protein, from a high to low
concentration.
What is osmosis? correct answers >> WATER MOLECULES
move directly through a membrane or through special proteins
called Aquaporins. High to low concentration.
What is hypertonicity? correct answers >> Solutions have
high ECF osmolarity. Water moves out of the cell, causing the cell
to shrink.
What is Isotonicity? correct answers >> Solutions have the
same osmolarity, no movement into or out of the cell.
What is Hypotonicity? correct answers >> Solutions have low
ECF osmolarity. Water moves into the cell, causing swelling and
potential bursting.
What is active transport? correct answers >> Utilizes energy
to move substance against the concentration gradient, lower to
higher concentration.
Depends on a few factors: ATP, membrane proteins,
concentration of molecules, and membrane potentials.
What is bulk transport? correct answers >> The movement of
large molecules by way of vesicles.
What is endocytosis? correct answers >> Transports
materials into the cell
