FRHD 1010 Midterm 1 Exam Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update 2025/2026
Scientific Method - Answers five steps which will avoid unexamined opinions and rein in
personal biases
Step 1 of Scientific Method - Answers begin with curiosity
Step 2 of Scientific Method - Answers Form a hypothesis
Step 3 of Scientific Method - Answers Test the hypothesis
Step 4 of the Scientific Method - Answers drawing conclusions
Step 5 of Scientific Method - Answers Report your results
Nature vs. Nurture - Answers name for a controversy in which it is debated whether genetics or
environment is responsible for driving behaviour
lifespan perspective - Answers infancy 0-2
early childhood 2-6
middle childhood 6-11
adolescence 11-18
emerging adulthood 18-25
adulthood 25-65
late adulthood 65+
Development is multidirectional - Answers Throughout life, some dimensions or components of
a dimension expand and others shrink.
critical period - Answers A time when a particular type of developmental growth (in body or
behavior) must happen if it is ever going to happen.
sensitive period - Answers a time when a certain type of development is most likely to happen
or happens most easily, although it may still happen later with more difficulty
Urie Bronfenbrenner - Answers Outlined layers of environment that affect a child's development,
such as the child's own biology, family/community environment, and society.
socioeconomic status (SES) - Answers a person's position in society as determined by income,
wealth, occupation, education, and place of residence
difference-equals-deficit error - Answers the mistaken belief that a deviation from some norm is
necessarily inferior to behavior or characteristics that meet the standard
, Acculturation - Answers the process of cultural change and psychological change that results
following meeting between cultures
Development is plastic - Answers Human traits can be molded (as plastic can be), yet people
maintain a certain durability of identity (as plastic does).
dynamic systems - Answers A view of human development as an ongoing, ever-changing
interaction between the physical, cognitive, and psychosocial influences. The crucial
understanding is that development is never static but is always affected by, and affects, many
systems of development.
differential sensitivity - Answers the idea that some people are more vulnerable than others are
to certain experiences, usually because of genetic differences
Theories of Human Development - Answers Psychoanalytic theory
Learning theory
Cognitive theory
Systems theory
Humanism
psychoanalytic theory - Answers A theory developed by Freud that attempts to explain
personality, motivation, and mental disorders by focusing on unconscious determinants of
behavior
Sigmund Freud - Answers psychoanalysis
Oral phase - Answers (psychoanalysis) the first sexual and social stage of an infant's
development
birth - 1 year
anal phase - Answers (psychoanalysis) the second sexual and social stage of a child's
development during which bowel control is learned
1-3 years
phallic phase - Answers (psychoanalysis) third phase in Freud's model; child experiences
pleasurable and conflicting feelings associated with genital organs, unconscious sexual
attraction to parent of same sex as well as guilt; fixations results in difficulty with sexual identity
and authority figures
Scientific Method - Answers five steps which will avoid unexamined opinions and rein in
personal biases
Step 1 of Scientific Method - Answers begin with curiosity
Step 2 of Scientific Method - Answers Form a hypothesis
Step 3 of Scientific Method - Answers Test the hypothesis
Step 4 of the Scientific Method - Answers drawing conclusions
Step 5 of Scientific Method - Answers Report your results
Nature vs. Nurture - Answers name for a controversy in which it is debated whether genetics or
environment is responsible for driving behaviour
lifespan perspective - Answers infancy 0-2
early childhood 2-6
middle childhood 6-11
adolescence 11-18
emerging adulthood 18-25
adulthood 25-65
late adulthood 65+
Development is multidirectional - Answers Throughout life, some dimensions or components of
a dimension expand and others shrink.
critical period - Answers A time when a particular type of developmental growth (in body or
behavior) must happen if it is ever going to happen.
sensitive period - Answers a time when a certain type of development is most likely to happen
or happens most easily, although it may still happen later with more difficulty
Urie Bronfenbrenner - Answers Outlined layers of environment that affect a child's development,
such as the child's own biology, family/community environment, and society.
socioeconomic status (SES) - Answers a person's position in society as determined by income,
wealth, occupation, education, and place of residence
difference-equals-deficit error - Answers the mistaken belief that a deviation from some norm is
necessarily inferior to behavior or characteristics that meet the standard
, Acculturation - Answers the process of cultural change and psychological change that results
following meeting between cultures
Development is plastic - Answers Human traits can be molded (as plastic can be), yet people
maintain a certain durability of identity (as plastic does).
dynamic systems - Answers A view of human development as an ongoing, ever-changing
interaction between the physical, cognitive, and psychosocial influences. The crucial
understanding is that development is never static but is always affected by, and affects, many
systems of development.
differential sensitivity - Answers the idea that some people are more vulnerable than others are
to certain experiences, usually because of genetic differences
Theories of Human Development - Answers Psychoanalytic theory
Learning theory
Cognitive theory
Systems theory
Humanism
psychoanalytic theory - Answers A theory developed by Freud that attempts to explain
personality, motivation, and mental disorders by focusing on unconscious determinants of
behavior
Sigmund Freud - Answers psychoanalysis
Oral phase - Answers (psychoanalysis) the first sexual and social stage of an infant's
development
birth - 1 year
anal phase - Answers (psychoanalysis) the second sexual and social stage of a child's
development during which bowel control is learned
1-3 years
phallic phase - Answers (psychoanalysis) third phase in Freud's model; child experiences
pleasurable and conflicting feelings associated with genital organs, unconscious sexual
attraction to parent of same sex as well as guilt; fixations results in difficulty with sexual identity
and authority figures
