Fall Semester 2025 – December NGN ATI Pediatrics
Advanced Study Pack | Updated Pediatric Clinical
Judgment Cases, Priority Interventions, Growth &
Development Charts, Childhood Illness Management,
Medication Safety, Scenario-Based Learning & 340+ NGN-
Formatted ATI Pediatric Questions with Detailed
Rationales
1. Which of the following is a common sign of respiratory distress in infants?
• A) Grunting
• B) Sneezing
• C) Coughing
• D) Yawning
CORRECT ANSWER: A) Grunting
Rationale: Grunting is a sign of respiratory distress as it indicates the infant is
attempting to increase end-expiratory pressure to keep the alveoli open.
2. What is the primary concern in a child presenting with acute gastroenteritis?
• A) Diabetes Mellitus
• B) Dehydration
• C) Appendicitis
• D) Allergies
CORRECT ANSWER: B) Dehydration
Rationale: The major concern with acute gastroenteritis in children is dehydration due
to ongoing fluid loss from vomiting and diarrhea.
3. At what age should a child be able to walk independently?
• A) 6 months
• B) 12 months
• C) 15 months
• D) 24 months
,CORRECT ANSWER: B) 12 months
Rationale: Most children can walk independently around the age of 12 months,
although some may walk a little earlier or later.
4. Which immunization is recommended at 2 months of age?
• A) Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR)
• B) Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis (DTaP)
• C) Hepatitis A
• D) Varicella
CORRECT ANSWER: B) Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis (DTaP)
Rationale: The DTaP vaccine is recommended starting at 2 months of age to protect
against these serious diseases.
5. A 6-year-old patient with asthma is prescribed a bronchodilator. What is the
primary action of this medication?
• A) Reduce inflammation in the airways
• B) Increase airway diameter
• C) Decrease mucus production
• D) Promote airway sensitivity
CORRECT ANSWER: B) Increase airway diameter
Rationale: Bronchodilators primarily work by relaxing the muscles around the airways,
which increases airway diameter and facilitates easier breathing.
6. What is the recommended daily fluid intake for a child weighing 20 kg?
• A) 500 mL
• B) 1000 mL
• C) 1500 mL
• D) 2000 mL
CORRECT ANSWER: C) 1500 mL
,Rationale: The recommended fluid intake for children is typically calculated as 100 mL
per kg for the first 10 kg, 50 mL for the next 10 kg, and 20 mL for each kg above 20 kg.
7. A child with cystic fibrosis is most likely to have which of the following
symptoms?
• A) Hypoglycemia
• B) Frequent respiratory infections
• C) Bradycardia
• D) Jaundice
CORRECT ANSWER: B) Frequent respiratory infections
Rationale: Children with cystic fibrosis are prone to frequent respiratory infections due
to thick secretions that obstruct the airways and harbors bacteria.
8. Which developmental milestone should a 3-year-old child be expected to
achieve?
• A) Hop on one foot
• B) Dress themselves independently
• C) Use two to three-word sentences
• D) Understand simple games
CORRECT ANSWER: C) Use two to three-word sentences
Rationale: By age 3, children typically can use two to three-word sentences and exhibit
expanding vocabulary.
9. What is the most common cause of viral meningitis in children?
• A) E. coli
• B) Influenza virus
• C) Enterovirus
• D) Streptococcus pneumoniae
CORRECT ANSWER: C) Enterovirus
, Rationale: Enteroviruses are the most common viruses associated with viral meningitis
in children.
10. Which sign indicates that a newborn might be experiencing hypoglycemia?
• A) Constant crying and irritability
• B) Lethargy
• C) Jaundice
• D) Cyanosis
CORRECT ANSWER: A) Constant crying and irritability
Rationale: Hypoglycemia in newborns often presents with irritability and constant
crying, alongside other symptoms such as lethargy if severe.
11. What is the primary purpose of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) in children?
• A) To replenish glucose
• B) To restore electrolyte balance
• C) To enhance nutrient absorption
• D) To promote weight gain
CORRECT ANSWER: B) To restore electrolyte balance
Rationale: ORT is primarily used to restore electrolyte balance and hydration in children
experiencing diarrhea.
12. How often should a child with a chronic condition like asthma have follow-up
visits?
• A) Every year
• B) Every 6 months
• C) Every 3 months
• D) Monthly
CORRECT ANSWER: B) Every 6 months
Advanced Study Pack | Updated Pediatric Clinical
Judgment Cases, Priority Interventions, Growth &
Development Charts, Childhood Illness Management,
Medication Safety, Scenario-Based Learning & 340+ NGN-
Formatted ATI Pediatric Questions with Detailed
Rationales
1. Which of the following is a common sign of respiratory distress in infants?
• A) Grunting
• B) Sneezing
• C) Coughing
• D) Yawning
CORRECT ANSWER: A) Grunting
Rationale: Grunting is a sign of respiratory distress as it indicates the infant is
attempting to increase end-expiratory pressure to keep the alveoli open.
2. What is the primary concern in a child presenting with acute gastroenteritis?
• A) Diabetes Mellitus
• B) Dehydration
• C) Appendicitis
• D) Allergies
CORRECT ANSWER: B) Dehydration
Rationale: The major concern with acute gastroenteritis in children is dehydration due
to ongoing fluid loss from vomiting and diarrhea.
3. At what age should a child be able to walk independently?
• A) 6 months
• B) 12 months
• C) 15 months
• D) 24 months
,CORRECT ANSWER: B) 12 months
Rationale: Most children can walk independently around the age of 12 months,
although some may walk a little earlier or later.
4. Which immunization is recommended at 2 months of age?
• A) Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR)
• B) Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis (DTaP)
• C) Hepatitis A
• D) Varicella
CORRECT ANSWER: B) Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis (DTaP)
Rationale: The DTaP vaccine is recommended starting at 2 months of age to protect
against these serious diseases.
5. A 6-year-old patient with asthma is prescribed a bronchodilator. What is the
primary action of this medication?
• A) Reduce inflammation in the airways
• B) Increase airway diameter
• C) Decrease mucus production
• D) Promote airway sensitivity
CORRECT ANSWER: B) Increase airway diameter
Rationale: Bronchodilators primarily work by relaxing the muscles around the airways,
which increases airway diameter and facilitates easier breathing.
6. What is the recommended daily fluid intake for a child weighing 20 kg?
• A) 500 mL
• B) 1000 mL
• C) 1500 mL
• D) 2000 mL
CORRECT ANSWER: C) 1500 mL
,Rationale: The recommended fluid intake for children is typically calculated as 100 mL
per kg for the first 10 kg, 50 mL for the next 10 kg, and 20 mL for each kg above 20 kg.
7. A child with cystic fibrosis is most likely to have which of the following
symptoms?
• A) Hypoglycemia
• B) Frequent respiratory infections
• C) Bradycardia
• D) Jaundice
CORRECT ANSWER: B) Frequent respiratory infections
Rationale: Children with cystic fibrosis are prone to frequent respiratory infections due
to thick secretions that obstruct the airways and harbors bacteria.
8. Which developmental milestone should a 3-year-old child be expected to
achieve?
• A) Hop on one foot
• B) Dress themselves independently
• C) Use two to three-word sentences
• D) Understand simple games
CORRECT ANSWER: C) Use two to three-word sentences
Rationale: By age 3, children typically can use two to three-word sentences and exhibit
expanding vocabulary.
9. What is the most common cause of viral meningitis in children?
• A) E. coli
• B) Influenza virus
• C) Enterovirus
• D) Streptococcus pneumoniae
CORRECT ANSWER: C) Enterovirus
, Rationale: Enteroviruses are the most common viruses associated with viral meningitis
in children.
10. Which sign indicates that a newborn might be experiencing hypoglycemia?
• A) Constant crying and irritability
• B) Lethargy
• C) Jaundice
• D) Cyanosis
CORRECT ANSWER: A) Constant crying and irritability
Rationale: Hypoglycemia in newborns often presents with irritability and constant
crying, alongside other symptoms such as lethargy if severe.
11. What is the primary purpose of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) in children?
• A) To replenish glucose
• B) To restore electrolyte balance
• C) To enhance nutrient absorption
• D) To promote weight gain
CORRECT ANSWER: B) To restore electrolyte balance
Rationale: ORT is primarily used to restore electrolyte balance and hydration in children
experiencing diarrhea.
12. How often should a child with a chronic condition like asthma have follow-up
visits?
• A) Every year
• B) Every 6 months
• C) Every 3 months
• D) Monthly
CORRECT ANSWER: B) Every 6 months
