BIOLOGY 1407 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS
WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
Darwin - Correct Answers -- observations in South America
- developed theory of evolution in and wrote Origin of Species book in 1859
- survival of the fittest
- ability to reproduce
Hypothesis from Darwin's voyage - Correct Answers -Similarities to animals from the
mainland led Darwin to hypothesize that the islands had been colonized by animals
from the South American mainland
Natural selection - Correct Answers -process in which individuals that have certain
inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals
because of those traits
- Random mutation establishes new alleles
- what selects the ones that survive
- can alter the distribution of a quantitative trait in a population over time
fitness - Correct Answers -most fit organism who is able to produce the most viable
offspring that then live to reproduce
- whoever has the most children
Relative Fitness - Correct Answers -the contribution an individual makes to the gene
pool of the next generation relative to the contributions of other individuals
Evolution in action - Correct Answers -Evidence of evolutionary change
evolution can only modify populations
Fossil record - long term morphological changes Behavioral data - similarities and
behaviors of different animals
Molecular data - when you look at DNA sequence, that is how you can tell if they are
related or not
- Explains how life diversified from ancestors
Evolution - Correct Answers -change in allele frequency over time
- Darwin didn't use this term and didn't have any concept of what an allele was (Mendel)
- he called it "descent with modification"
gene pool - Correct Answers -all alleles of all genes in all individuals of populations
, Allele - Correct Answers -alternate version of gene
population - Correct Answers -members of species in certain area
microevolution - Correct Answers -evolutionary change at smallest possible level
(population)
- changes in a short amount of time
macroevolution - Correct Answers -changes over a long period of time
genetic variation - Correct Answers -differences among individuals in composition of
genes, DNA segments
- must be heritable variation
each diploid copy gets two copies of allele
phenotype frequency - Correct Answers -BB, Bb, bb
allele frequency - Correct Answers -dominant B
recessive b
tree of life - Correct Answers -Thought all organisms had a common ancestor that lived
in the remote past
- Descendants living in different environments accumulated adaptations
- Reasoned that descent with modification, over very long periods of time, led to rich
diversity of life
Ernest Haeckel - Correct Answers -built on Darwin's tree of life theory , but got into
trouble with his ideas about Human races (he was racist)
selective pressure - Correct Answers -developing traits so that they can make use of all
of the resources
mechanics of evolution - Correct Answers -Random Mutation - changes in the
nucleotide sequence of DNA that occur without pattern and introduce new variation into
a population
common descent - Correct Answers -divides into micro and marco evolution
Wallace - Correct Answers -- Darwin received credit for the origin of species despite
Wallace publishing first
- Wallace recognized Darwin as idea's main architect
r selection - Correct Answers -- many offspring
- few survive
- ex: rats
WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
Darwin - Correct Answers -- observations in South America
- developed theory of evolution in and wrote Origin of Species book in 1859
- survival of the fittest
- ability to reproduce
Hypothesis from Darwin's voyage - Correct Answers -Similarities to animals from the
mainland led Darwin to hypothesize that the islands had been colonized by animals
from the South American mainland
Natural selection - Correct Answers -process in which individuals that have certain
inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals
because of those traits
- Random mutation establishes new alleles
- what selects the ones that survive
- can alter the distribution of a quantitative trait in a population over time
fitness - Correct Answers -most fit organism who is able to produce the most viable
offspring that then live to reproduce
- whoever has the most children
Relative Fitness - Correct Answers -the contribution an individual makes to the gene
pool of the next generation relative to the contributions of other individuals
Evolution in action - Correct Answers -Evidence of evolutionary change
evolution can only modify populations
Fossil record - long term morphological changes Behavioral data - similarities and
behaviors of different animals
Molecular data - when you look at DNA sequence, that is how you can tell if they are
related or not
- Explains how life diversified from ancestors
Evolution - Correct Answers -change in allele frequency over time
- Darwin didn't use this term and didn't have any concept of what an allele was (Mendel)
- he called it "descent with modification"
gene pool - Correct Answers -all alleles of all genes in all individuals of populations
, Allele - Correct Answers -alternate version of gene
population - Correct Answers -members of species in certain area
microevolution - Correct Answers -evolutionary change at smallest possible level
(population)
- changes in a short amount of time
macroevolution - Correct Answers -changes over a long period of time
genetic variation - Correct Answers -differences among individuals in composition of
genes, DNA segments
- must be heritable variation
each diploid copy gets two copies of allele
phenotype frequency - Correct Answers -BB, Bb, bb
allele frequency - Correct Answers -dominant B
recessive b
tree of life - Correct Answers -Thought all organisms had a common ancestor that lived
in the remote past
- Descendants living in different environments accumulated adaptations
- Reasoned that descent with modification, over very long periods of time, led to rich
diversity of life
Ernest Haeckel - Correct Answers -built on Darwin's tree of life theory , but got into
trouble with his ideas about Human races (he was racist)
selective pressure - Correct Answers -developing traits so that they can make use of all
of the resources
mechanics of evolution - Correct Answers -Random Mutation - changes in the
nucleotide sequence of DNA that occur without pattern and introduce new variation into
a population
common descent - Correct Answers -divides into micro and marco evolution
Wallace - Correct Answers -- Darwin received credit for the origin of species despite
Wallace publishing first
- Wallace recognized Darwin as idea's main architect
r selection - Correct Answers -- many offspring
- few survive
- ex: rats
