NSG 532 ADVANCED PHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 2025|COMPLETE EXAM TEST
(QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS) FREQUENTLY MOST TESTED QUESTIONS
|ALREADY GRADED A+|100% PASSED!!
Question 1
Which of the following best defines the concept of homeostasis in a physiological context?
A) The process by which the body increases its metabolic rate to burn excess calories.
B) The static condition of the body where no changes occur at the cellular level.
C) The process by which variables are regulated so that internal conditions remain stable.
D) The mechanism by which the body responds to external stimuli by altering DNA sequences.
E) The production of ATP through anaerobic respiration pathways.
Correct Answer: C) The process by which variables are regulated so that internal
conditions remain stable
Rationale: Homeostasis is explicitly defined in the provided text as the process by which
physiological variables are regulated to ensure that internal conditions remain stable
despite changes in the external environment.
Question 2
Which of the following represents the correct list of the four most important biomolecules
in life?
A) DNA, RNA, Glucose, and Fatty Acids
B) DNA, RNA, Proteins, and ATP
C) Proteins, Lipids, Carbohydrates, and Nucleic Acids
D) ATP, ADP, Glucose, and Insulin
E) Cholesterol, Steroids, Phospholipids, and Proteins
Correct Answer: B) DNA, RNA, Proteins, and ATP
Rationale: While lipids and carbohydrates are essential biopolymers, the text specifically
identifies DNA, RNA, proteins, and ATP as the four most important biomolecules in life.
Question 3
Which of the following is NOT considered a primary criterion for living things?
A) Possession of DNA
B) Presence of cellular organelles to process life information into structural proteins
C) Ability to move voluntarily across a physical distance
D) Presence of cellular organelles to generate energy for life activities
E) Presence of cellular organelles to process life information into functional proteins
Correct Answer: C) Ability to move voluntarily across a physical distance
Rationale: The three criteria for living things listed are: 1) DNA, 2) Cellular organelles to
process life information into structural and functional proteins, and 3) Cellular organelles
to generate energy. Voluntary movement is not listed as a fundamental criterion.
, 2
Question 4
Where does glycolysis occur within the cell?
A) Mitochondrial matrix
B) Inner mitochondrial membrane
C) Nucleus
D) Cytoplasm
E) Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Correct Answer: D) Cytoplasm
Rationale: Glycolysis, the breakdown of glucose by enzymes to release ATP and pyruvic
acid, occurs in the cytoplasm. The Krebs cycle and ETC occur in the mitochondria.
Question 5
What are the primary products of glycolysis?
A) 34 ATP and Water
B) Acetyl-CoA and Carbon Dioxide
C) 2 ATP and Pyruvic Acid
D) Lactic Acid and 4 ATP
E) NADH and FADH2 only
Correct Answer: C) 2 ATP and Pyruvic Acid
Rationale: The text defines glycolysis as the breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing 2
ATP and pyruvic acid.
Question 6
Which stage of cellular respiration is considered anaerobic?
A) Krebs Cycle
B) Electron Transport Chain
C) Oxidative Phosphorylation
D) Glycolysis
E) Citric Acid Cycle
Correct Answer: D) Glycolysis
Rationale: Glycolysis is described as anaerobic cellular respiration. The Krebs Cycle and
Oxidative Phosphorylation are described as aerobic processes.
Question 7
Where does the Krebs Cycle take place?
A) Cytoplasm
B) Mitochondrial matrix
C) Inner mitochondrial membrane
, 3
D) Nucleolus
E) Golgi Apparatus
Correct Answer: B) Mitochondrial matrix
Rationale: The Krebs cycle, where pyruvic acid is oxidized to acetyl-CoA, occurs in the
matrix of the mitochondria.
Question 8
During the Krebs Cycle, pyruvic acid is oxidized into which molecule?
A) Glucose
B) Lactic Acid
C) Acetyl-CoA
D) Glycogen
E) Urea
Correct Answer: C) Acetyl-CoA
Rationale: The text states that during the Krebs Cycle, pyruvic acid is oxidized to acetyl-
CoA, and further energy is extracted to form NADH and FADH2.
Question 9
What is the approximate ATP yield from Oxidative Phosphorylation (Electron Transport
Chain)?
A) 2 ATP
B) 4 ATP
C) 20 ATP
D) 34 ATP
E) 100 ATP
Correct Answer: D) 34 ATP
Rationale: Oxidative phosphorylation involves the formation of 34 ATP from the flow of
electrons across the inner membrane of the mitochondria.
Question 10
Biopolymers breaking down into biomonomers to generate ATP is an example of which
type of reaction?
A) Endergonic reaction
B) Exergonic reaction
C) Anabolic reaction
D) Photosynthetic reaction
E) Transcription reaction
, 4
Correct Answer: B) Exergonic reaction
Rationale: Exergonic reactions are defined as the breakdown of biopolymers (proteins,
carbs, lipids) into biomonomers to generate ATP.
Question 11
Which of the following best describes an endergonic reaction?
A) The release of energy during the breakdown of glucose.
B) The flow of electrons across the mitochondrial membrane.
C) The use of ATP by biomonomers to combine and form biopolymers.
D) The passive diffusion of ions across a cell membrane.
E) The breakdown of fatty acids into acetyl-CoA.
Correct Answer: C) The use of ATP by biomonomers to combine and form biopolymers
Rationale: Endergonic reactions consume energy (ATP) to build complex molecules
(biopolymers) from simpler ones (biomonomers).
Question 12
Metabolism is best defined as:
A) The strict breakdown of glucose for energy.
B) The combination of exergonic and endergonic reactions.
C) The process of DNA replication.
D) The regulation of body temperature.
E) The elimination of waste products from the cell.
Correct Answer: B) The combination of exergonic and endergonic reactions
Rationale: Metabolism is broadly defined in the text as the combination of exergonic
(breakdown/energy release) and endergonic (buildup/energy consumption) reactions.
Question 13
What is Dysbiosis?
A) A genetic mutation leading to cancer.
B) The programmed death of a cell.
C) An abnormal change in the microbiome potentially causing inflammation and cancer.
D) The failure of the sodium-potassium pump.
E) A viral infection of the respiratory tract.
Correct Answer: C) An abnormal change in the microbiome potentially causing
inflammation and cancer
Rationale: Dysbiosis is specifically defined as an abnormal change in the microbiome that
can lead to pathological conditions like inflammation and cancer.
Question 14
Why are viruses not considered fully functional living cells?
(QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS) FREQUENTLY MOST TESTED QUESTIONS
|ALREADY GRADED A+|100% PASSED!!
Question 1
Which of the following best defines the concept of homeostasis in a physiological context?
A) The process by which the body increases its metabolic rate to burn excess calories.
B) The static condition of the body where no changes occur at the cellular level.
C) The process by which variables are regulated so that internal conditions remain stable.
D) The mechanism by which the body responds to external stimuli by altering DNA sequences.
E) The production of ATP through anaerobic respiration pathways.
Correct Answer: C) The process by which variables are regulated so that internal
conditions remain stable
Rationale: Homeostasis is explicitly defined in the provided text as the process by which
physiological variables are regulated to ensure that internal conditions remain stable
despite changes in the external environment.
Question 2
Which of the following represents the correct list of the four most important biomolecules
in life?
A) DNA, RNA, Glucose, and Fatty Acids
B) DNA, RNA, Proteins, and ATP
C) Proteins, Lipids, Carbohydrates, and Nucleic Acids
D) ATP, ADP, Glucose, and Insulin
E) Cholesterol, Steroids, Phospholipids, and Proteins
Correct Answer: B) DNA, RNA, Proteins, and ATP
Rationale: While lipids and carbohydrates are essential biopolymers, the text specifically
identifies DNA, RNA, proteins, and ATP as the four most important biomolecules in life.
Question 3
Which of the following is NOT considered a primary criterion for living things?
A) Possession of DNA
B) Presence of cellular organelles to process life information into structural proteins
C) Ability to move voluntarily across a physical distance
D) Presence of cellular organelles to generate energy for life activities
E) Presence of cellular organelles to process life information into functional proteins
Correct Answer: C) Ability to move voluntarily across a physical distance
Rationale: The three criteria for living things listed are: 1) DNA, 2) Cellular organelles to
process life information into structural and functional proteins, and 3) Cellular organelles
to generate energy. Voluntary movement is not listed as a fundamental criterion.
, 2
Question 4
Where does glycolysis occur within the cell?
A) Mitochondrial matrix
B) Inner mitochondrial membrane
C) Nucleus
D) Cytoplasm
E) Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Correct Answer: D) Cytoplasm
Rationale: Glycolysis, the breakdown of glucose by enzymes to release ATP and pyruvic
acid, occurs in the cytoplasm. The Krebs cycle and ETC occur in the mitochondria.
Question 5
What are the primary products of glycolysis?
A) 34 ATP and Water
B) Acetyl-CoA and Carbon Dioxide
C) 2 ATP and Pyruvic Acid
D) Lactic Acid and 4 ATP
E) NADH and FADH2 only
Correct Answer: C) 2 ATP and Pyruvic Acid
Rationale: The text defines glycolysis as the breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing 2
ATP and pyruvic acid.
Question 6
Which stage of cellular respiration is considered anaerobic?
A) Krebs Cycle
B) Electron Transport Chain
C) Oxidative Phosphorylation
D) Glycolysis
E) Citric Acid Cycle
Correct Answer: D) Glycolysis
Rationale: Glycolysis is described as anaerobic cellular respiration. The Krebs Cycle and
Oxidative Phosphorylation are described as aerobic processes.
Question 7
Where does the Krebs Cycle take place?
A) Cytoplasm
B) Mitochondrial matrix
C) Inner mitochondrial membrane
, 3
D) Nucleolus
E) Golgi Apparatus
Correct Answer: B) Mitochondrial matrix
Rationale: The Krebs cycle, where pyruvic acid is oxidized to acetyl-CoA, occurs in the
matrix of the mitochondria.
Question 8
During the Krebs Cycle, pyruvic acid is oxidized into which molecule?
A) Glucose
B) Lactic Acid
C) Acetyl-CoA
D) Glycogen
E) Urea
Correct Answer: C) Acetyl-CoA
Rationale: The text states that during the Krebs Cycle, pyruvic acid is oxidized to acetyl-
CoA, and further energy is extracted to form NADH and FADH2.
Question 9
What is the approximate ATP yield from Oxidative Phosphorylation (Electron Transport
Chain)?
A) 2 ATP
B) 4 ATP
C) 20 ATP
D) 34 ATP
E) 100 ATP
Correct Answer: D) 34 ATP
Rationale: Oxidative phosphorylation involves the formation of 34 ATP from the flow of
electrons across the inner membrane of the mitochondria.
Question 10
Biopolymers breaking down into biomonomers to generate ATP is an example of which
type of reaction?
A) Endergonic reaction
B) Exergonic reaction
C) Anabolic reaction
D) Photosynthetic reaction
E) Transcription reaction
, 4
Correct Answer: B) Exergonic reaction
Rationale: Exergonic reactions are defined as the breakdown of biopolymers (proteins,
carbs, lipids) into biomonomers to generate ATP.
Question 11
Which of the following best describes an endergonic reaction?
A) The release of energy during the breakdown of glucose.
B) The flow of electrons across the mitochondrial membrane.
C) The use of ATP by biomonomers to combine and form biopolymers.
D) The passive diffusion of ions across a cell membrane.
E) The breakdown of fatty acids into acetyl-CoA.
Correct Answer: C) The use of ATP by biomonomers to combine and form biopolymers
Rationale: Endergonic reactions consume energy (ATP) to build complex molecules
(biopolymers) from simpler ones (biomonomers).
Question 12
Metabolism is best defined as:
A) The strict breakdown of glucose for energy.
B) The combination of exergonic and endergonic reactions.
C) The process of DNA replication.
D) The regulation of body temperature.
E) The elimination of waste products from the cell.
Correct Answer: B) The combination of exergonic and endergonic reactions
Rationale: Metabolism is broadly defined in the text as the combination of exergonic
(breakdown/energy release) and endergonic (buildup/energy consumption) reactions.
Question 13
What is Dysbiosis?
A) A genetic mutation leading to cancer.
B) The programmed death of a cell.
C) An abnormal change in the microbiome potentially causing inflammation and cancer.
D) The failure of the sodium-potassium pump.
E) A viral infection of the respiratory tract.
Correct Answer: C) An abnormal change in the microbiome potentially causing
inflammation and cancer
Rationale: Dysbiosis is specifically defined as an abnormal change in the microbiome that
can lead to pathological conditions like inflammation and cancer.
Question 14
Why are viruses not considered fully functional living cells?
