FINAL EXAM SCI 221 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

FINAL EXAM SCI 221 QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
ToA2accomplishA2self-
regulation,A2aA2highlyA2complexA2andA2integratedA2communicationA2controlA2systemA2orA2
networkA2isA2required.A2ThisA2typeA2ofA2networkA2isA2calledA2a(n)A2-A2Ans--
feedbackA2controlA2loop.

LocalA2controlA2orA2_____,A2intrinsicA2mechanismsA2oftenA2makeA2useA2ofA2chemicalA2sig
nals.A2-A2Ans--autoregulation

TheA2impactA2ofA2effectorA2activityA2onA2sensorsA2mayA2beA2positiveA2orA2negative.A2Ther
efore,A2homeostaticA2controlA2mechanismsA2areA2categorizedA2asA2-A2Ans--
organsA2thatA2areA2directlyA2influencedA2byA2physiologicalA2variablesA2orA2mechanisms.

TheA2normalA2readingA2orA2rangeA2isA2calledA2theA2-A2Ans--setA2point.

EventsA2thatA2leadA2toA2anA2immuneA2responseA2toA2anA2infectionA2orA2theA2formationA2ofA
2aA2bloodA2clotA2areA2examplesA2ofA2-A2Ans--positiveA2feedback


TheA2conceptA2thatA2informationA2mayA2flowA2aheadA2toA2anotherA2processA2toA2triggerA2a
A2changeA2inA2anticipationA2ofA2anA2eventA2thatA2willA2followA2isA2calledA2-A2Ans--feed-
forward.

ProcessesA2forA2maintainingA2orA2restoringA2homeostasisA2areA2knownA2asA2-A2Ans--
homeostaticA2controlA2mechanisms.

HomeostaticA2ControlA2MechanismsA2-A2Ans--receptor,A2controlA2center,A2effector

receptor,A2controlA2center,A2effectorA2-A2Ans--
ListA2theA2threeA2basicA2componentsA2ofA2aA2feedbackA2system.

WhatA2termA2describesA2aA2signalA2travelingA2towardA2aA2particularA2centerA2orA2pointA2ofA
2reference?A2-A2Ans--afferent


EffectorsA2canA2beA2describedA2asA2-A2Ans--
organsA2thatA2directlyA2influenceA2controlledA2physiologicalA2variables.

ManyA2complexA2processesA2ofA2theA2bodyA2areA2coordinatedA2atA2manyA2levels.A2TheseA
2includeA2-A2Ans--intracellular,A2intrinsicA2andA2extrinsic


WhichA2levelA2ofA2controlA2operatesA2atA2theA2cellA2level,A2oftenA2usingA2genesA2andA2enz
ymesA2toA2regulateA2cellA2function?A2-A2Ans--intracellularA2regulation

, TheA2relativelyA2constantA2stateA2maintainedA2byA2theA2bodyA2isA2knownA2asA2-A2Ans--
homeostasis.

TheA2bodyA2naturallyA2changesA2someA2setA2pointsA2toA2differentA2valuesA2atA2differentA2ti
mesA2ofA2theA2day.A2TheseA2dailyA2cylesA2areA2calledA2-A2Ans--circadianA2cycles.

BecauseA2negativeA2feedbackA2controlA2systemsA2opposeA2changesA2thatA2areA2opposite
A2inA2directionA2toA2theA2initialA2disturbance,A2theyA2areA2-A2Ans--
slowedA2orA2maintainedA2inA2theA2homeostaticA2range.

OfA2theA211A2majorA2bodyA2systems,A2whichA2isA2theA2leastA2involvedA2inA2maintainingA2ho
meostasis?A2-A2Ans--Reproductive

IfA2theA2secretionA2ofA2oxytocinA2duringA2childbirthA2operatedA2asA2aA2negative-
feedbackA2controlA2loop,A2whatA2effectA2wouldA2itA2haveA2onA2uterineA2contractions?A2-
A2Ans--OxytocinA2wouldA2inhibitA2uterineA2contractions.


WhichA2ofA2theA2followingA2isA2notA2oneA2ofA2theA2basicA2componentsA2inA2aA2feedbackA2c
ontrolA2loop?A2-A2Ans--Transmitter

HomeostasisA2canA2bestA2beA2describedA2as:A2-A2Ans--aA2stateA2ofA2relativeA2constancy

EpidemiologyA2isA2theA2studyA2ofA2theA2_____A2ofA2diseasesA2inA2humanA2populations.A2-
A2Ans--occurrence,A2distribution,A2transmission


intrinsicA2controlA2-A2Ans--isA2sometimesA2calledA2autoregulation

WhichA2ofA2theA2followingA2isA2aA2proteinA2substanceA2withA2noA2DNAA2orA2RNAA2andA2isA2
thoughtA2toA2beA2theA2causeA2ofA2madA2cowA2disease?A2-A2Ans--Prion

WhichA2ofA2theA2followingA2mayA2putA2oneA2atA2riskA2forA2developingA2aA2givenA2disease?
A2-A2Ans--Environment,A2stressA2,lifestyle


TheA2termA2thatA2literallyA2meansA2self-immunityA2is:A2-A2Ans--autoimmunity.

IntracellularA2parasitesA2thatA2consistA2ofA2DNAA2orA2RNAA2surroundedA2byA2aA2proteinA2c
oatA2andA2sometimesA2byA2aA2lipoproteinA2envelopeA2areA2called:A2-A2Ans--viruses.

PathogenesisA2canA2beA2definedA2as:A2-A2Ans--theA2courseA2ofA2diseaseA2development

OfA2theA2pathogenicA2organisms,A2whichA2ofA2theA2followingA2areA2theA2mostA2complex?
A2-A2Ans--Tapeworms


Negative-feedbackA2mechanisms:A2-A2Ans--
minimizeA2changesA2inA2bloodA2glucoseA2levels,A2maintainA2homeostasis,A2areA2responsi