SUCCESS GUIDE GRADE IMPROVED 2026.
◍ Second step when creating a Pearson's Correlation Coefficient
Answer:define the significance values a-level and find the critical
value
◍ To be able to say that a statistically significant association between
the two variables exists, the computed value of the correlation
coefficient (r) must exceed the: Answer:the critical value for the α-
level that is chosen
◍ critical value is the value obtained from Answer:is the value of r
that is obtained from the table of critical values for the Pearson
correlation coefficient.
◍ What does the critical value mean? Answer:the value at which the
probability of obtaining that value is at or below the a-level
◍ How to fine the degree of freedom for r Answer:number of
participants(n) - 2 ( n-2) example 10 participants means the degree of
freedom is 8
◍ How to get the critical value Answer:You make up your a value
(example 0.05), then you find the degree of freedom (n-2) example
10-2=8. Then go to the chart, always use the 2 tailed test, go to 8 on
,the left, find 0.05 on the top and find where they meet (example:
0.632)
◍ If you get a critical value for r with a # degree of freedom, what
does that mean? Answer:It means that the value you get (0.632 from
that table), that any correlation coefficient with an absolute value
greater than .632 will be considered statistically significant.
◍ Once you get the critical value, now you need to solve for Answer:r
◍ How to solve for r Answer:first multiply the x an Y together -if the
coordinates are (1,4) then the 1X4=4. Keep doing this for all the X
and the Y's then you will add them up together. Example next set (2,
5) 2X5=10. 10+4=14 for the total. That will be your first value for the
numerator. Next sum up all the X's (example, 1+2) and get a value (3)
then sum up all the Y's (5+4=9). Put them on the numerator: 14-
(3X9)/n. N is the number in the set (that would be 2 in this case).
14-(3X9)/2
For the denominator: square all the X values and add them up
(1^2+2^5)= (33) then do the same for the Y values (4^2+5^2)=(41)
Next with your values: do 33- the (X values/n)2 Times the 41- (y
value sum/n)2 all under the square root
Example will look like
r=14- (3X9)/2 OVER
square root of 33- (3/2)^2 X 41- (9/2)^2
, ◍ If the r-value does not exceed the critical value of It can be
concluded that t Answer:he correlation is not significant at α = X
(two-tailed).
◍ Spearman's Correlation Coefficient: to determine if the two
variables are related, what is used? Answer:The ranking score
◍ When doing a Spearman's Correlation Coefficient, how do you
rank the X and Y variables Answer:By lowest to highest:
two cakes:
Cake 1- X:Fat of 10 and Y:calories of 200 Rank of X: 2, Rank of Y
would be 1
Cake 2 -X: Fat of 8 and Y calories of 250, Rank of X: 1 and the Rank
of Y would be 2.
◍ After you have ranked the X and Y variables in the data set in a
Spearman's Correlation Coefficient, what is next: Answer:Find the
difference between the X and the Y ranking for each variable
Cake example:
Cake 1 rank of X: 2 and the Rank of Y is 1
Rank difference is 1
◍ D2J in the Spearman's Correlation Coefficient is Answer:the square
of the rank differences:
Cake example
the rank difference was 1 so it would be 1^2=1