Physiology SCI 221 Final Exam Questions With
Correct Answers
Absorption |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |passage |of |material |into |a |cell; |the |passage |of |
nutrients |from |the |intestines |into |the |blood |vessels |associated |with |them.
Acclimation |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |habituation |of |an |organism |or |animal |to |another |
climate |i.e. |becoming |acclimatised |e.g. |as |in |behaviour.
Acid-Base |Balance |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |maintenance |of |the |correct |ratio |of |acids |to |
bases |in |the |blood |to |maintain |the |correct |pH.
Active |Transport |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |movement |of |ions |or |molecules |across |a |cell |
membrane |into |a |region |of |higher |concentration, |assisted |by |enzymes |and |requiring |energy
ACTH |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Adrenocorticotropic |hormone.
Aerobic |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-In |oxygen |- |usually |refers |to |organic |chemical |reactions |or |to |
microorganisms |that |operate |in |the |presence |of |oxygen.
Anabolism |(Anabolic) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |constructive |chemical |processes |in |living |
organisms |that |involves |the |formation |of |complex |molecules |from |simpler |ones, |and |the |
taking |up |and |storage |of |energy
Anaerobic |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Without |oxygen; |usually |refers |to |organic |chemical |
reactions |or |microorganisms |that |operate |in |the |absence |of |oxygen.
,Anastomosis |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Joining |together |of |adjacent |tubes |e.g. |bronchi.
Anterior |Pituitary |Gland |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A |major |organ |of |the |endocrine |system |that |
secretes |6 |hormones: |GH |growth |hormone, |PRL |prolactin, |FSH |follicle |stimulating |hormones, |
LH |luteinizing |hormone, |ACTH |adrenocorticotropic |hormone, |TSH |thyroid |stimulating |hormone
Articulate |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-To |form |a |mobile |joint |usually |with |two |surfaces |in |contact |
or |close |association.
B |Cells |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Also |known |as |B |lymphocytes, |function |in |the |humoral |
immunity |response
Benign |Tumor |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Not |a |malignant |(cancer) |tumor, |does |not |invade |
nearby |tissue |or |spread |to |other |parts |of |the |body
Beta |2 |Receptor |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A |cell |membrane |beta-adrenergic |receptor |that |
interacts |with |epinephrine
Binocular |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-With |two |eyes. |Being |able |to |see |the |same |object |or |field |
with |both |eyes |at |the |same |time. |This |facilitates |the |perception |of |range |or |distance.
Blood |Brain |Barrier |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A |filtering |mechanism |of |the |capillaries |that |carry
|blood |to |the |brain |and |spinal |cord |tissue
Bolus |(Boli) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |ball |of |food |at |swallowing.
Bronchodilator |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A |substance |that |dilates |the |bronchi |and |bronchioles
,Carbaminohomoglobin |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-One |of |the |forms |in |which |carbon |dioxide |
exists |in |the |blood, |consist |of |hemoglobin |and |carbon |dioxide
Catabolism |(Catabolic) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |breaking |down |of |complex |organic |
molecules |by |living |organisms |with |the |release |of |energy |(as |in |cells).
Columnar |(Epithelium) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Cells |that |are |very |long |i.e. |longer |than |they |
are |broad; |like |a |column.
Dimorphism |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Having |two |different |forms |because |of |sex |e.g. |the |males
|and |females |are |different |in |appearance.
Diffusion |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |movement |of |a |substance |from |an |area |of |high |
concentration |to |an |area |of |low |concentration
Electrolyte |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |name |given |collectively |to |many |common |salts |in |the |
body |e.g. |sodium |chloride, |potassium |chloride.
Endocardium |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Membrane |lining |the |interior |of |the |heart
Endocytosis |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |taking |in |of |matter |by |a |living |cell |by |invagination |of |
its |membrane |to |form |a |vacuole.
Endoderm |(Entoderm) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Inner |or |bottom |layer |of |cells |of |an |embryo |
from |which |systems |such |as |the |digestive |system |and |its |glands |and |the |respiratory |system |
develop.
Epithelium |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Any |cellular |tissue |covering |a |free |surface |or |lining |a |tube |
or |cavity; |the |skin.
, Excitatory |(fast) |Synapses |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Causes |a |positive |action |potential |in |
neurons |and |cells, |uses |the |neurotransmitter |Acetylcholine |(Ach)
Gamete |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Haploid |cells |that |fuse |to |form |the |zygote; |cells |with |half |the
|chromosomes |that |join |at |fertilisation |to |form |the |complete |embryo.
Gonads |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Sex |organs; |ovaries |in |the |female |and |testes |in |the |male.
Gonadotropins |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Hormones |(follicle |stimulating |hormone |and |
luteinising |hormone) |secreted |by |the |pituitary |gland |that |affect |the |function |of |the |sex |organs |
or |gonads.
Heterophilic |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Either |acidic |or |basic |in |reaction.
Histamines |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Nitrogenous |compound |involved |in |local |immune |
responses, |brain |function, |spinal |cord, |and |uterus. |Involved |in |the |inflammatory |response
Homeothermic |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Animals |that |regulate |their |temperature |to |maintain |a
|generally |constant |temperature |of |their |deep |organs.
Hyperthermia |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Body |temperature |above |the |normal.
Hypothermia |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Body |temperature |below |the |normal.
Ingest |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-To |convey |food |into |the |alimentary |canal; |to |eat.
Correct Answers
Absorption |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |passage |of |material |into |a |cell; |the |passage |of |
nutrients |from |the |intestines |into |the |blood |vessels |associated |with |them.
Acclimation |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |habituation |of |an |organism |or |animal |to |another |
climate |i.e. |becoming |acclimatised |e.g. |as |in |behaviour.
Acid-Base |Balance |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |maintenance |of |the |correct |ratio |of |acids |to |
bases |in |the |blood |to |maintain |the |correct |pH.
Active |Transport |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |movement |of |ions |or |molecules |across |a |cell |
membrane |into |a |region |of |higher |concentration, |assisted |by |enzymes |and |requiring |energy
ACTH |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Adrenocorticotropic |hormone.
Aerobic |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-In |oxygen |- |usually |refers |to |organic |chemical |reactions |or |to |
microorganisms |that |operate |in |the |presence |of |oxygen.
Anabolism |(Anabolic) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |constructive |chemical |processes |in |living |
organisms |that |involves |the |formation |of |complex |molecules |from |simpler |ones, |and |the |
taking |up |and |storage |of |energy
Anaerobic |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Without |oxygen; |usually |refers |to |organic |chemical |
reactions |or |microorganisms |that |operate |in |the |absence |of |oxygen.
,Anastomosis |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Joining |together |of |adjacent |tubes |e.g. |bronchi.
Anterior |Pituitary |Gland |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A |major |organ |of |the |endocrine |system |that |
secretes |6 |hormones: |GH |growth |hormone, |PRL |prolactin, |FSH |follicle |stimulating |hormones, |
LH |luteinizing |hormone, |ACTH |adrenocorticotropic |hormone, |TSH |thyroid |stimulating |hormone
Articulate |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-To |form |a |mobile |joint |usually |with |two |surfaces |in |contact |
or |close |association.
B |Cells |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Also |known |as |B |lymphocytes, |function |in |the |humoral |
immunity |response
Benign |Tumor |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Not |a |malignant |(cancer) |tumor, |does |not |invade |
nearby |tissue |or |spread |to |other |parts |of |the |body
Beta |2 |Receptor |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A |cell |membrane |beta-adrenergic |receptor |that |
interacts |with |epinephrine
Binocular |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-With |two |eyes. |Being |able |to |see |the |same |object |or |field |
with |both |eyes |at |the |same |time. |This |facilitates |the |perception |of |range |or |distance.
Blood |Brain |Barrier |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A |filtering |mechanism |of |the |capillaries |that |carry
|blood |to |the |brain |and |spinal |cord |tissue
Bolus |(Boli) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |ball |of |food |at |swallowing.
Bronchodilator |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A |substance |that |dilates |the |bronchi |and |bronchioles
,Carbaminohomoglobin |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-One |of |the |forms |in |which |carbon |dioxide |
exists |in |the |blood, |consist |of |hemoglobin |and |carbon |dioxide
Catabolism |(Catabolic) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |breaking |down |of |complex |organic |
molecules |by |living |organisms |with |the |release |of |energy |(as |in |cells).
Columnar |(Epithelium) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Cells |that |are |very |long |i.e. |longer |than |they |
are |broad; |like |a |column.
Dimorphism |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Having |two |different |forms |because |of |sex |e.g. |the |males
|and |females |are |different |in |appearance.
Diffusion |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |movement |of |a |substance |from |an |area |of |high |
concentration |to |an |area |of |low |concentration
Electrolyte |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |name |given |collectively |to |many |common |salts |in |the |
body |e.g. |sodium |chloride, |potassium |chloride.
Endocardium |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Membrane |lining |the |interior |of |the |heart
Endocytosis |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |taking |in |of |matter |by |a |living |cell |by |invagination |of |
its |membrane |to |form |a |vacuole.
Endoderm |(Entoderm) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Inner |or |bottom |layer |of |cells |of |an |embryo |
from |which |systems |such |as |the |digestive |system |and |its |glands |and |the |respiratory |system |
develop.
Epithelium |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Any |cellular |tissue |covering |a |free |surface |or |lining |a |tube |
or |cavity; |the |skin.
, Excitatory |(fast) |Synapses |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Causes |a |positive |action |potential |in |
neurons |and |cells, |uses |the |neurotransmitter |Acetylcholine |(Ach)
Gamete |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Haploid |cells |that |fuse |to |form |the |zygote; |cells |with |half |the
|chromosomes |that |join |at |fertilisation |to |form |the |complete |embryo.
Gonads |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Sex |organs; |ovaries |in |the |female |and |testes |in |the |male.
Gonadotropins |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Hormones |(follicle |stimulating |hormone |and |
luteinising |hormone) |secreted |by |the |pituitary |gland |that |affect |the |function |of |the |sex |organs |
or |gonads.
Heterophilic |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Either |acidic |or |basic |in |reaction.
Histamines |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Nitrogenous |compound |involved |in |local |immune |
responses, |brain |function, |spinal |cord, |and |uterus. |Involved |in |the |inflammatory |response
Homeothermic |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Animals |that |regulate |their |temperature |to |maintain |a
|generally |constant |temperature |of |their |deep |organs.
Hyperthermia |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Body |temperature |above |the |normal.
Hypothermia |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Body |temperature |below |the |normal.
Ingest |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-To |convey |food |into |the |alimentary |canal; |to |eat.
