SURGERY EOR EXAM FINAL PAPER 2026
EXAM FULL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS ALREADY PASSED.
◍ If patient is hyperkalemic (normal range 3.8-5.0), how should you
treat the patient? Answer:treat with glucose/insulin, and calcium +/-
bicarb
◍ _______is the reversing agent for opiods. Answer:Naloxone
◍ _______is the reversing agent for benzodiazipines.
Answer:Flumazenil
◍ What is the best indicator used to monitor nutritional status?
Answer:prealbumin - every 2-3 days
◍ Intervention:
_________require central access and indicated when no enteral
feeding for > 7 days. Answer:TPN - total peripheral nutrition
◍ The _________is the most important part of the history before
surgery. Answer:cardiac history -- history of MI, unstable angina,
valvular disease
,◍ In patients with known cardiac disease, aggressive intraoperative
lowering of myocardial oxygen demand with ____ has been shown in
RCT's to improve outcomes and should be used. Answer:beta
blockers
◍ When accessing cardiac disease prior to surgery, what is the most
important thing to access? Answer:aortic stenosis -- crescendo
diastolic rumble at apex
◍ Guidelines for the use of antibiotics include administration within
_______ of surgery and redosing after 4 hours. What is the abx of
choice? Answer:1 hour
Abx of choice: cefazolin for all except colorectal then
cefazolin/metronidazole
◍ Pre-op -- Metabolic disease/syndrome -- what are the 5 criteria?
Answer:3/5 to diagnose:
1 - diabetes
2 - central obesity
3 - HTN
4 - high serum triglycerrides
5 - low HDL levels
◍ ______should be monitored before surgery bc it is a stimulant and
vasoconstrictor -- can lead to severe tachycardia Answer:Cocaine
,◍ Pre-Op -- What are the indications for EKG and CXR?
Answer:EKG - men >40, women>50, known CAD, DM, or HTN
CXR - age >50, known cardiac or pulmonary disease
◍ What are the 5 classic "W's" of post operative fever? Answer:W -
wind (atelectasis)
W - water (UTI)
W - wound (wound infection)
W - walking (DVT/thrombophlebitis)
W - wonder drugs (drug fever)
◍ If the post op fever occurs within the first 24 hours of surgery, what
is the most likely cause? Answer:wind/atelectasis
◍ If the post op fever occurs within days 3-5 post op, what is the
most likely cause? Answer:water/UTI, catheter related phlebitis,
pneumonia
◍ If the post op fever occurs within days 5-10 post op, what is the
most likely cause? Answer:wound infection, pneumonia, abscess,
infected hematoma, C diff colitis, anastomotic leak, DVT, peritoneal
abscess, drug fever, PE, parotitis
◍ _______is the most common pathogen in wound infections and
around foreign bodies. Answer:Staph aureus
, ◍ _______invades the inner ear and enteric tissues as well as the
lung. Answer:Klebsiella
◍ ______organisms are often found together with anaerobes.
Answer:Enteric organisms ie. enterobacteriaceae and enterococci
◍ Among the anaerobes, ___&___are often present in surgical
infections and _____species are major pathogens in ischemic tissue.
Answer:Bacteroides & Peptostreptococci; Clostridium
◍ ___&___are usually nonpathogenic surface contaminants but may
be opportunistic.
Some fungi and yeast cause abscesses in sinus tracts.
Answer:Pseudomonas & Serratia
◍ History of recent surgery, trauma, cancer, prolonged
immobilization, or oral contraceptive use increases the risk of ____.
Answer:DVT - deep vein thrombosis
◍ What is Homan's sign? Answer:pain on passive dorsiflexion of
ankle
◍ What is the test of choice for DVT? Answer:doppler ultrasound
EXAM FULL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS ALREADY PASSED.
◍ If patient is hyperkalemic (normal range 3.8-5.0), how should you
treat the patient? Answer:treat with glucose/insulin, and calcium +/-
bicarb
◍ _______is the reversing agent for opiods. Answer:Naloxone
◍ _______is the reversing agent for benzodiazipines.
Answer:Flumazenil
◍ What is the best indicator used to monitor nutritional status?
Answer:prealbumin - every 2-3 days
◍ Intervention:
_________require central access and indicated when no enteral
feeding for > 7 days. Answer:TPN - total peripheral nutrition
◍ The _________is the most important part of the history before
surgery. Answer:cardiac history -- history of MI, unstable angina,
valvular disease
,◍ In patients with known cardiac disease, aggressive intraoperative
lowering of myocardial oxygen demand with ____ has been shown in
RCT's to improve outcomes and should be used. Answer:beta
blockers
◍ When accessing cardiac disease prior to surgery, what is the most
important thing to access? Answer:aortic stenosis -- crescendo
diastolic rumble at apex
◍ Guidelines for the use of antibiotics include administration within
_______ of surgery and redosing after 4 hours. What is the abx of
choice? Answer:1 hour
Abx of choice: cefazolin for all except colorectal then
cefazolin/metronidazole
◍ Pre-op -- Metabolic disease/syndrome -- what are the 5 criteria?
Answer:3/5 to diagnose:
1 - diabetes
2 - central obesity
3 - HTN
4 - high serum triglycerrides
5 - low HDL levels
◍ ______should be monitored before surgery bc it is a stimulant and
vasoconstrictor -- can lead to severe tachycardia Answer:Cocaine
,◍ Pre-Op -- What are the indications for EKG and CXR?
Answer:EKG - men >40, women>50, known CAD, DM, or HTN
CXR - age >50, known cardiac or pulmonary disease
◍ What are the 5 classic "W's" of post operative fever? Answer:W -
wind (atelectasis)
W - water (UTI)
W - wound (wound infection)
W - walking (DVT/thrombophlebitis)
W - wonder drugs (drug fever)
◍ If the post op fever occurs within the first 24 hours of surgery, what
is the most likely cause? Answer:wind/atelectasis
◍ If the post op fever occurs within days 3-5 post op, what is the
most likely cause? Answer:water/UTI, catheter related phlebitis,
pneumonia
◍ If the post op fever occurs within days 5-10 post op, what is the
most likely cause? Answer:wound infection, pneumonia, abscess,
infected hematoma, C diff colitis, anastomotic leak, DVT, peritoneal
abscess, drug fever, PE, parotitis
◍ _______is the most common pathogen in wound infections and
around foreign bodies. Answer:Staph aureus
, ◍ _______invades the inner ear and enteric tissues as well as the
lung. Answer:Klebsiella
◍ ______organisms are often found together with anaerobes.
Answer:Enteric organisms ie. enterobacteriaceae and enterococci
◍ Among the anaerobes, ___&___are often present in surgical
infections and _____species are major pathogens in ischemic tissue.
Answer:Bacteroides & Peptostreptococci; Clostridium
◍ ___&___are usually nonpathogenic surface contaminants but may
be opportunistic.
Some fungi and yeast cause abscesses in sinus tracts.
Answer:Pseudomonas & Serratia
◍ History of recent surgery, trauma, cancer, prolonged
immobilization, or oral contraceptive use increases the risk of ____.
Answer:DVT - deep vein thrombosis
◍ What is Homan's sign? Answer:pain on passive dorsiflexion of
ankle
◍ What is the test of choice for DVT? Answer:doppler ultrasound
