RASMUSSEN PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION TEST 2026
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
◉ Lymph node locations (Select All) mod 2. Answer: head, neck,
armpits, groin
◉ What are the properties of benign tumors? (Select All)mod 2.
Answer: A benign neoplasm looks a lot like the tissue with normal cells
from which it originated, and has a slow growth rate. Benign neoplasms
do not invade surrounding tissues and they do not metastasize.
◉ Identify examples of types of malignant cells (Select All)mod 2.
Answer: 1 carcinoma,2 sarcoma,3 melanoma,4 lymphoma, and 5
leukemia.
◉ Rheumatoid arthritis clinical manifestation? (Select all)mod 3.
Answer: Tender, warm, swollen joints.
Joint stiffness that is usually worse in the mornings and after inactivity.
Fatigue, fever and loss of appetite.
,◉ Characteristics of a wound that is granulated (Select All)mod 3.
Answer: is defined as follows: a wound bed filled with granulation tissue
to the level of the surrounding skin or new epithelium; no dead space; no
avascular tissue; no signs or symptoms of infection; and with open
wound edges (it is healing)
◉ Symptoms of a patient with a herniated disc (Select All)mod 3.
Answer: Pain areas: in the arm, back, foot, or leg
Muscular: muscle weakness, muscle spasms, or overactive reflexes
Sensory: leg numbness, pins and needles, or uncomfortable tingling and
burning
Also common: foot numbness, hand numbness, or stiff neck
◉ Clinical manifestation of Addison's disease (Select all that apply) mod
4. Answer: Pain areas: in the abdomen or muscles
Whole body: dehydration, dizziness, fainting, fatigue, lightheadedness,
loss of appetite, low blood pressure, low blood sugar, water-electrolyte
imbalance, or sweating
Gastrointestinal: nausea or vomiting
Also common: absence of menstruation, craving salty foods, darkening
of the skin, excess urination, muscle weakness, reduced sex drive, or
weight loss
, ◉ Kidney failure or end-stage main electrolyte imbalance (Select All)
mod 5. Answer: hypervolemia, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia,
hypocalcemia, and bicarbonate deficiency (metabolic acidosis).
Hyponatremic.
◉ What happens during Hemostasis (Select All) mod 9. Answer: is the
physiological process by which bleeding ceases. Hemostasis involves
three basic steps: vascular spasm, the formation of a platelet plug, and
coagulation, in which clotting factors promote the formation of a fibrin
clot. Fibrinolysis is the process in which a clot is degraded in a healing
vessel.
◉ Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP) pathogenesis and clinical
findings (Select all) mod 7. Answer: Causes: compression of the brain,
inflammation of the brain tissues, inability of the cranium to expand
(adults), reduced blood flow to the brain from increased pressure.
Symptoms: initial-headache, vomiting, altered LOC (drowsiness),
blurred vision, edema of optic disc (papilledema). Higher levels of ICP-
LOC decrease, impaired pupil responsiveness to light, altered respiratory
patterns, unresponsive to stimulation, unable to move/verbalize/open
eyes.
◉ What is gluconeogenesis?. Answer: production of glucose from non-
carbohydrate sources
COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION TEST 2026
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
◉ Lymph node locations (Select All) mod 2. Answer: head, neck,
armpits, groin
◉ What are the properties of benign tumors? (Select All)mod 2.
Answer: A benign neoplasm looks a lot like the tissue with normal cells
from which it originated, and has a slow growth rate. Benign neoplasms
do not invade surrounding tissues and they do not metastasize.
◉ Identify examples of types of malignant cells (Select All)mod 2.
Answer: 1 carcinoma,2 sarcoma,3 melanoma,4 lymphoma, and 5
leukemia.
◉ Rheumatoid arthritis clinical manifestation? (Select all)mod 3.
Answer: Tender, warm, swollen joints.
Joint stiffness that is usually worse in the mornings and after inactivity.
Fatigue, fever and loss of appetite.
,◉ Characteristics of a wound that is granulated (Select All)mod 3.
Answer: is defined as follows: a wound bed filled with granulation tissue
to the level of the surrounding skin or new epithelium; no dead space; no
avascular tissue; no signs or symptoms of infection; and with open
wound edges (it is healing)
◉ Symptoms of a patient with a herniated disc (Select All)mod 3.
Answer: Pain areas: in the arm, back, foot, or leg
Muscular: muscle weakness, muscle spasms, or overactive reflexes
Sensory: leg numbness, pins and needles, or uncomfortable tingling and
burning
Also common: foot numbness, hand numbness, or stiff neck
◉ Clinical manifestation of Addison's disease (Select all that apply) mod
4. Answer: Pain areas: in the abdomen or muscles
Whole body: dehydration, dizziness, fainting, fatigue, lightheadedness,
loss of appetite, low blood pressure, low blood sugar, water-electrolyte
imbalance, or sweating
Gastrointestinal: nausea or vomiting
Also common: absence of menstruation, craving salty foods, darkening
of the skin, excess urination, muscle weakness, reduced sex drive, or
weight loss
, ◉ Kidney failure or end-stage main electrolyte imbalance (Select All)
mod 5. Answer: hypervolemia, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia,
hypocalcemia, and bicarbonate deficiency (metabolic acidosis).
Hyponatremic.
◉ What happens during Hemostasis (Select All) mod 9. Answer: is the
physiological process by which bleeding ceases. Hemostasis involves
three basic steps: vascular spasm, the formation of a platelet plug, and
coagulation, in which clotting factors promote the formation of a fibrin
clot. Fibrinolysis is the process in which a clot is degraded in a healing
vessel.
◉ Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP) pathogenesis and clinical
findings (Select all) mod 7. Answer: Causes: compression of the brain,
inflammation of the brain tissues, inability of the cranium to expand
(adults), reduced blood flow to the brain from increased pressure.
Symptoms: initial-headache, vomiting, altered LOC (drowsiness),
blurred vision, edema of optic disc (papilledema). Higher levels of ICP-
LOC decrease, impaired pupil responsiveness to light, altered respiratory
patterns, unresponsive to stimulation, unable to move/verbalize/open
eyes.
◉ What is gluconeogenesis?. Answer: production of glucose from non-
carbohydrate sources
