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B.F. Skinner [ Ans: ] Reinforcement is the central concept
introduced in this theory. Believed in general, it is better
to reward children for positive behavior, than to punish
them for undesirable behavior.
Maslow [ Ans: ] Believed that behavior is influenced by
internal and external factors. Stressed that a person's
essential needs had to be met before higher level
development could occur.
Freud [ Ans: ] Believed in a strong influence of the
unconscious. Major influence was focused on personality
development with such items as the id, ego and the super
ego.
Lorenz [ Ans: ] Believed that development evolves over
time. He said that many behaviors of children have
"survival value". Had a strong belief in imprinting:
creating an emotional bond with a mother.
Piaget [ Ans: ] Believed that as the brain matures, the
thought patterns of children become more sophisticated.
Stages include sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete
operational and formal operational.
Vygotsky [ Ans: ] Believed the "Zone of Proximal
Development" was the difference between what a child can