Child Development (chapters 1-5) Questions
and Answers (100% Correct Answers) Already
Graded A+
developmental science [ Ans: ] the field of study that
focuses on the range of children's physical, intellectual,
social and emotional developments
nature [ Ans: ] individual's inherited biological
predispositions
nurture [ Ans: ] influences of the social and cultural
environment
critical period [ Ans: ] important time where child is
biologically prepared to acquire adaptive qualities but
needs support
sensitive period [ Ans: ] time that's optimal for certain
capacities to emerge because the individual is especially
responsible to environmental influences
continuous [ Ans: ] a process of gradually adding more of
same types of skills that were there to begin with
discontinuous [ Ans: ] a process in which new ways of
understanding and responding to the world emerge at
specific times
theory [ Ans: ] orderly, integrated set of statements that
describes, explains and predicts behavior
,psychodynamic theories [ Ans: ] theories that explore the
influence of development and developmental stages of
universal biological drives and the life experience of
individuals
behaviorism [ Ans: ] theories that focus on development
as the result of learning, and on changes in behavior as a
result of forming associations between behavior and its
consequences
law of effect [ Ans: ] Thorndike's notion that behaviors
that produce a satisfying effect in a given situation are
likely to be repeated in the same or a similar situation,
whereas behaviors that produce an uncomfortable effect
are less likely to be repeated
Constructivist theory [ Ans: ] theory in which cognitive
development results from children's active construction
of reality, based on their experiences with the world
equilibrium [ Ans: ] balance between internal structures
sociocultural theory [ Ans: ] focuses on how culture is
transmitted to the next generation
zone of proximal development [ Ans: ] gap between what
children can accomplish independently and what they can
accomplish when interacting with others who are more
competent
evolutionary theories [ Ans: ] theories that explain human
behavior in terms of how it contributes to the survival of
, the species and that look at how our evolutionary past
influences individual development
ethology [ Ans: ] an interdisciplinary science that studies
the biological and evolutionary foundations of behavior
social learning theory [ Ans: ] theories that emphasize the
behavior - consequences associations that children learn
by observing and interacting with others in social
situations
information-processing theories [ Ans: ] theories that look
at cognitive development in term of how children come to
process, store, organize, retrieve, and manipulate
information in increasingly efficient ways
systems theories [ Ans: ] theories that envision
development in terms of complex wholes made up of
parts and that explore how these wholes and their parts
are organized and interact and change over time
dynamic systems theory [ Ans: ] a theory that addresses
how new, complex, systems of behavior develop from the
interaction of less complex parts
ecological system theory [ Ans: ] a theory focusing on the
organization and interactions of the multiple
environmental contexts within which children develop
hypothesis [ Ans: ] a possible explanation based on theory
that is precise enough to be shown to be true or false
and Answers (100% Correct Answers) Already
Graded A+
developmental science [ Ans: ] the field of study that
focuses on the range of children's physical, intellectual,
social and emotional developments
nature [ Ans: ] individual's inherited biological
predispositions
nurture [ Ans: ] influences of the social and cultural
environment
critical period [ Ans: ] important time where child is
biologically prepared to acquire adaptive qualities but
needs support
sensitive period [ Ans: ] time that's optimal for certain
capacities to emerge because the individual is especially
responsible to environmental influences
continuous [ Ans: ] a process of gradually adding more of
same types of skills that were there to begin with
discontinuous [ Ans: ] a process in which new ways of
understanding and responding to the world emerge at
specific times
theory [ Ans: ] orderly, integrated set of statements that
describes, explains and predicts behavior
,psychodynamic theories [ Ans: ] theories that explore the
influence of development and developmental stages of
universal biological drives and the life experience of
individuals
behaviorism [ Ans: ] theories that focus on development
as the result of learning, and on changes in behavior as a
result of forming associations between behavior and its
consequences
law of effect [ Ans: ] Thorndike's notion that behaviors
that produce a satisfying effect in a given situation are
likely to be repeated in the same or a similar situation,
whereas behaviors that produce an uncomfortable effect
are less likely to be repeated
Constructivist theory [ Ans: ] theory in which cognitive
development results from children's active construction
of reality, based on their experiences with the world
equilibrium [ Ans: ] balance between internal structures
sociocultural theory [ Ans: ] focuses on how culture is
transmitted to the next generation
zone of proximal development [ Ans: ] gap between what
children can accomplish independently and what they can
accomplish when interacting with others who are more
competent
evolutionary theories [ Ans: ] theories that explain human
behavior in terms of how it contributes to the survival of
, the species and that look at how our evolutionary past
influences individual development
ethology [ Ans: ] an interdisciplinary science that studies
the biological and evolutionary foundations of behavior
social learning theory [ Ans: ] theories that emphasize the
behavior - consequences associations that children learn
by observing and interacting with others in social
situations
information-processing theories [ Ans: ] theories that look
at cognitive development in term of how children come to
process, store, organize, retrieve, and manipulate
information in increasingly efficient ways
systems theories [ Ans: ] theories that envision
development in terms of complex wholes made up of
parts and that explore how these wholes and their parts
are organized and interact and change over time
dynamic systems theory [ Ans: ] a theory that addresses
how new, complex, systems of behavior develop from the
interaction of less complex parts
ecological system theory [ Ans: ] a theory focusing on the
organization and interactions of the multiple
environmental contexts within which children develop
hypothesis [ Ans: ] a possible explanation based on theory
that is precise enough to be shown to be true or false
