GEOG 2051 - Namikas FINAL Exam Study Guide Questions And Answers Verified 100% Correct

GEOG 2051 - Namikas FINAL Exam Study Guide Questions And Answers Verified 100% Correct a mountain lake or pool formed in a cirque excavated by a glacier - ANSWER tarns/paternoster lakes thin ridge of rock that is left separating the two valleys - ANSWER -Arêtes sharp jagged peaks on top of mountains - ANSWER -horns glacier has the ability to smooth out the sharp edges - ANSWER -U-shaped glacial trough a valley that is cut across by a deeper valley or a cliff - ANSWER -Hanging valley laid down by meltwater from glacier (larger materials) - ANSWER -stratified drift sediment that has been laid down where the glacial ice has melted, drops material in place - ANSWER -Till a plain formed of glacial sediments deposited by meltwater outwash at the terminus of a glacier - ANSWER -Outwash plain two types of moraines: - ANSWER -- terminal - recessional which type of moraine leaves small ridges as a glacier pauses during its retreat - ANSWER -Recessional which type of moraine is the furthest position the glacier reached? - ANSWER Terminal the ridge of gravelly and sandy drift, believed to have been formed by streams under or in glacial ice - ANSWER -Eskers irregularly shaped hills are called ____. - ANSWER -kames an inside-out feature that forms from a placeholder sitting there while sediment is deposited around it - ANSWER -kettle a low oval mound or small hill that consists of compacted boulder clay molded by past glacial action Created from sediment (till) that's laid down under base of glacier -- depositional - ANSWER -drumlin formed by the passing of a glacier, formed from bedrock (has erosional features) - ANSWER -Roche Moutonee a thick subsurface layer of soil that remains frozen throughout the year, occurring chiefly in polar regions - ANSWER -Permafrost ________ permafrost is found in the highest latitudes and coldest environments - ANSWER -continuous when water freezes it expands in volume by 10% and is more forceful - ANSWER -frost action forms when there isn't a crack in the permafrost - ANSWER -Ice Wedge causes overlying material to hump up and cover surface of the landscape - ANSWER -ice wedge polygons mixing of soil caused by freezing and thawing cycles - ANSWER -Cryoturbation ice carved hills - ANSWER -pingos Branch of biology that deals with geographical distribution of plants and animals - ANSWER -biogeography Study of how organisms relate to one another and to their physical surroundings - ANSWER -ecology Set of living organisms and their abiotic/non-living surroundings linked together by the flow of energy and matter - ANSWER -ecosystem Global ecological system integrating all living beings with their relationships and their interaction with elements of lithosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere - ANSWER -Biosphere Large ecosystems that are characterized by a certain vegetation as well as climate - ANSWER -Biomes self-feeders; produce own energy source - ANSWER -autotrophs the net primary productivity (NPP) of biomes is influenced by... - ANSWER -the temperature and precipitation (rainforests vs. deserts) what are the levels of the food chain? - ANSWER -- 1st level -- plants (primary producers) - 2nd level -- Herbivores (primary consumers) - 3rd level -- carnivores (secondary consumers) - 4th level -- top carnivores (tertiary consumers) - Decomposers -- fungi, bacteria -- get food from rest of food chain What is the 10% rule? - ANSWER -most of energy gets used by life forms in that tropic level organism will use 90% of energy and 10% is left for next trophic levels 2 categories in Nutrients: - ANSWER -1. macronutrients (large quantities) --- ex: fertilizer