NSG 530 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
EXAMINATION TEST 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ A patient has uncontrolled or premature contractions of the
detrusor muscle. Which condition is associated with this medical
problem?
A) Spinal cord injury
B) Immune system dysfunction
C) Congestive heart failure
D) Renal carcinoma. Answer: A) Spinal cord injury
◉ Which statement regarding renal cell carcinoma is correct?
A) It is associated with p53.
B) Symptoms include painless hematuria.
C) Early stages produce a large abdominal mass.
D) Granular cell tumors have better prognosis.. Answer: B)
Symptoms include painless hematuria.
◉ A patient who reports abdominal and back pain has been
diagnosed with bacteria in the urine. What is the appropriate term
for involvement of the upper urinary tract that is likely to cause such
symptoms?
,A) Cystitis
B) Pyelonephritis
C) Urinary tract infection
D) Asymptomatic bacteriuria. Answer: B) Pyelonephritis
◉ With which bacteria is acute glomerulonephritis associated?
A) Escherichia coli
B) Staphylococcus
C) Group A Streptococcus
D) Klebsiella. Answer: C) Group A Streptococcus
◉ A diabetic child with 4.0 g of protein in her urine each day is
experiencing edema and vitamin D deficiency. Which is the most
likely diagnosis?
A) Nephritic syndrome
B) Nephrotic syndrome
C) Acute renal failure
D) Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. Answer: Nephrotic
syndrome
◉ A 2-month-old male patient presents with the urethral opening on
the dorsal surface of the penis. Which term is the correct name for
this anomaly?
,A) Hypospadias
B) Epispadias
C) Exstrophy
D) Ureteropelvic junction. Answer: Epispadias
◉ A patient presents with wide-set eyes, "parrot beak" nose, low-set
ears, and receding chin. What is the renal manifestation associated
with this presentation?
A) Potter syndrome
B) Polycystic kidney disease
C) Infundibular stenosis
D) Megacalycosis. Answer: Potter syndrome
◉ A 6-year-old has just recovered from streptococcal pharyngitis.
Which statement regarding this child's acute poststreptococcal
glomerulonephritis is true?
A) Antibody-antigen complexes of IgM, IgG, and IgA are deposited.
B) The exact mechanism of immune complexes is unknown.
C) There is decreased vascular permeability.
D) No signs of inflammation are present.. Answer: The exact
mechanism of immune complexes is unknown.
, ◉ A patient presents with skin lesions as well as hematuria,
proteinuria, and abdominal pain. Which is the most likely cause of
these symptoms?
A) Henoch-Schonlein purpura
B) Hemolytic uremic syndrome
C) Primary nephrotic syndrome
D) Minimal change nephropathy. Answer: Henoch-Schonlein
purpura
◉ What is the cause of minimal change nephropathy?
A) Fusion of the glomerular foot processes
B) Verotoxin of E. coli
C) IgA deposition
D) Inflammation of the glomeruli. Answer: Fusion of the glomerular
foot processes
◉ A child whose kidneys are enlarged presents with chills, fever, and
abdominal pain. The most likely diagnosis is:
A) acute pyelonephritis.
B) vesicoureteral reflux.
C) urinary tract infection.
D) enuresis.. Answer: acute pyelonephritis
EXAMINATION TEST 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ A patient has uncontrolled or premature contractions of the
detrusor muscle. Which condition is associated with this medical
problem?
A) Spinal cord injury
B) Immune system dysfunction
C) Congestive heart failure
D) Renal carcinoma. Answer: A) Spinal cord injury
◉ Which statement regarding renal cell carcinoma is correct?
A) It is associated with p53.
B) Symptoms include painless hematuria.
C) Early stages produce a large abdominal mass.
D) Granular cell tumors have better prognosis.. Answer: B)
Symptoms include painless hematuria.
◉ A patient who reports abdominal and back pain has been
diagnosed with bacteria in the urine. What is the appropriate term
for involvement of the upper urinary tract that is likely to cause such
symptoms?
,A) Cystitis
B) Pyelonephritis
C) Urinary tract infection
D) Asymptomatic bacteriuria. Answer: B) Pyelonephritis
◉ With which bacteria is acute glomerulonephritis associated?
A) Escherichia coli
B) Staphylococcus
C) Group A Streptococcus
D) Klebsiella. Answer: C) Group A Streptococcus
◉ A diabetic child with 4.0 g of protein in her urine each day is
experiencing edema and vitamin D deficiency. Which is the most
likely diagnosis?
A) Nephritic syndrome
B) Nephrotic syndrome
C) Acute renal failure
D) Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. Answer: Nephrotic
syndrome
◉ A 2-month-old male patient presents with the urethral opening on
the dorsal surface of the penis. Which term is the correct name for
this anomaly?
,A) Hypospadias
B) Epispadias
C) Exstrophy
D) Ureteropelvic junction. Answer: Epispadias
◉ A patient presents with wide-set eyes, "parrot beak" nose, low-set
ears, and receding chin. What is the renal manifestation associated
with this presentation?
A) Potter syndrome
B) Polycystic kidney disease
C) Infundibular stenosis
D) Megacalycosis. Answer: Potter syndrome
◉ A 6-year-old has just recovered from streptococcal pharyngitis.
Which statement regarding this child's acute poststreptococcal
glomerulonephritis is true?
A) Antibody-antigen complexes of IgM, IgG, and IgA are deposited.
B) The exact mechanism of immune complexes is unknown.
C) There is decreased vascular permeability.
D) No signs of inflammation are present.. Answer: The exact
mechanism of immune complexes is unknown.
, ◉ A patient presents with skin lesions as well as hematuria,
proteinuria, and abdominal pain. Which is the most likely cause of
these symptoms?
A) Henoch-Schonlein purpura
B) Hemolytic uremic syndrome
C) Primary nephrotic syndrome
D) Minimal change nephropathy. Answer: Henoch-Schonlein
purpura
◉ What is the cause of minimal change nephropathy?
A) Fusion of the glomerular foot processes
B) Verotoxin of E. coli
C) IgA deposition
D) Inflammation of the glomeruli. Answer: Fusion of the glomerular
foot processes
◉ A child whose kidneys are enlarged presents with chills, fever, and
abdominal pain. The most likely diagnosis is:
A) acute pyelonephritis.
B) vesicoureteral reflux.
C) urinary tract infection.
D) enuresis.. Answer: acute pyelonephritis
