Test Bank for Davis Advantage for Pathophysiology 3rd Edition | Theresa Capriotti | All 42 Chapters | Verified Latest Edition | Best Clinical Study Guide (2025)

, Chapter 1, The Cell in Health and Illness
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Multiple Choice
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Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1. Which statement regarding the sodium–potassium pump is correct?
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1. The cell’s plasma membrane is more soluble to sodium ions than potassium ions.
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2. The concentration of sodium ions should be higher inside the cell compartment.
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3. The concentration of potassium ions should be higher outside the
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cell compartment.
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4. The active transport involves pumping out three sodium ions and pumping i
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n two potassium ions.
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2. In the absence of oxygen, which cellular function creates the same amount of energy as is cr
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eated in the presence of oxygen?
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1. Dissipation of pyruvic acid x@ x@ x@


2. Initiation of the citric acid cycle x@ x@ x@ x@ x@


3. Activation of acetyl-coenzyme A x@ x@ x@


4. Creation of acidosis via lactic acid x@ x@ x@ x@ x@




3. How x@ many adenosine triphosphates (ATPs) are produced in aerobic energy metabolism?
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1. x @ x @ 2
2. x @ x @ 3
3. x @ x @ 34
4. x @ x @ 53
4. Which cell organelles differ in their number according to the cell’s energy needs?
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1. Ribosomes
2. Mitochondria
3. Ribonucleic acids x@


4. Deoxyribonucleic acids x@




5. Which option best supports the reason more energy is produced when a person is exercising?
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1. Exercise causes an increase in the synthesis of protein.
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2. There is an increase in the production of pyruvic acid in the cells.
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3. The conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid is increased by exercise.
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4. Muscle cells have more mitochondria to meet energy demands.
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6. When does ribosomal protein synthesis cease?
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1. During endoplasmic reticulum stress x@ x@ x@


2. During the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
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3. During a severe hypoxic state x@ x@ x@ x@


4. During the processing of prohormone x@ x@ x@ x@

,7. Which cellular organelles are responsible for propelling mucus and inhaled debris out of the lungs
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?
1. Cilia
2. Microfilaments
3. Secretory vesicles
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, 4. Endoplasmic reticula x@




x @ 8. Which are the key proteins in the contractile units of the muscle cells?
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1. Actin and myosin x@ x@


2. Prohormone and tubulin x@ x@


3. Tubulin and actin x@ x@


4. Myosin and prohormone x@ x@




x @ 9. x @ Which deficiency causes Tay–Sachs disease?
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1. Proteasome
2. Peroxisome
3. Macrophage
4. Lysosomal enzymes x@




10. Which is a characteristic of adrenoleukodystrophy?
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1. Accumulation of ganglioside x@ x@


2. Cessation of ribosomal protein synthesis x@ x@ x@ x@


3. Acceleration of cellular proteasome activity x@ x@ x@ x@


4. Accumulation of long-chain fatty acids in the nervous system x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@ x@




11. Which statement regarding endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is correct?
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1. During ER stress, proteins are rapidly degraded.
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2. During ER stress, lipids cannot travel to their proper intracellular locations.
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3. During ER stress, long-chain fatty acids accumulate in the nervous system.
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4. During ER stress, n o n d eNgU
r aRd eSdI sT
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nc.eC
s Oa c cumulate in the cesll.
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x @
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12. A client is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. At a cellular level, which function is li
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kely to be involved?
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1. Inability of ribosomes to produce a specific type of protein
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2. Incorrect processing of a protein by the Golgi apparatus
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3. Stagnation of a previously dynamic action in microtubules
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4. Obstruction of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
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13. A newborn patient exhibits characteristics of severe physical deformities. Which cellular com
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ponent is examined to determine the cause and probability of the disease being genetically
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transferred?
1. Transfer RNA x@


2. Ribosomal RNA x@


3. Double helix of DNA x@ x@ x@


4. Mitochondrial DNA x@




14. A hiker experiences muscle pain and acidosis while ascending a mountain during a lon
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g, steep climb. Which is the reason for these manifestations?
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1. Cellular hypoxia x@


2. Autolysis
3. Heterolysis
4. Cellular edema x@




15. Which factor provides DNA the unique molecular ability to replicate?
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1. The pairing of nitrogenous bases
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