BIO 181 ASU Exam 1 Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update 2025/2026
Primitive prokaryote cell evolved into_________ - Answers pro-eukaryotic cell
Eukaryote - Answers single celled organism
Paramecium - Answers distant ancestor of our cells, limited by # of biomolecular machines
within itself
What does a paramecium use cilia for? - Answers to move
What was the precursor to our kidneys? - Answers contractile vacuole
SEM(Scanning Electron Microscopy) - Answers cannot view living cells
What can parameciums o as a defense technique against predators? - Answers they can shed
their cilia
Cells "walk" with ______ and ________ - Answers lamelipodium an fillapodium
How do you distinguish the front and the back of the cell? - Answers the front has lamelipodium
and filapodium, the back has retraction fibers
Focus - Answers clump of cancer cells
Phase Contrast Microscopy - Answers can watch living cells move, light microscopy
Retraction Fiber - Answers the first lamelipodia, stretches until it breaks and then releases
cytoplasm and is reabsorbed into the cell
How can a cell stretch their parts so extensively? - Answers elasticity and the plasma
membrane
Normal cells are anchorage-_______________ - Answers dependent
Cancer cells are anchorage-________________ - Answers independent
Anchorage-dependent - Answers uses contact inhibition to stop growth
Anchorage-indepedent - Answers will keep growing forever given fresh nutrients and space
Limitations of Cell Culture technique - Answers 1) not all cells will grow in a culture
2) cells lose their histotype in vivoshape and 3d structure of tissue is changed
3)metabolism likely changes
Controlled Experiment - Answers scientists manipulate only one of the variables/factors being
tested
, Comparative Experiment - Answers data is gathered from different sources and is not
manipulated and other variables are held constant
Cell size is limited by________ - Answers the diffusion of gas and nutrients/waste
What does an extant version of a prokaryotic cell have? - Answers cytoplasm, ribosomes,
nucleoid, plasma membrane, cell wall and capsule
Endomembrane theory - Answers an infolded plasma membrane attached to a chromosome in
an ancestral prokaryote may have led to formation of plasma membrane. endocytosis would
have needed to occur
What was the advantage of losing the cell wall? - Answers allowed for flexibility of the cell
What is the cytoskeleton composed of? - Answers actin microtubules
Do we know where the cytoskeleton came from? - Answers NO. genes encoded not found in
bacteria or archaea
The first true eukaryote likely possessed: - Answers 1) cytoskeleton
2)nuclear envelope
3) may have had an associated endoplasmic reticulum and golgi apparatus
4)one or more flagella possibly
What did the endosymbiotic theory develop? - Answers Mitochondria and chloroplasts
Peroxisomes - Answers organelles capable of disarming toxic products of oxygen such as
hydrogen peroxide
Approximately when did the first cells form on earth? - Answers 3.5 billion years ago
What are the major differences in plant eukaryotic cells? - Answers cell wall, chloroplasts and a
large vacuole
What % water are we? - Answers 50-70%
What are biological membranes composed of? - Answers mostly lipids and proteins
Two functions of biological membranes - Answers partition water and compartmentalize
enzymes to increase efficiency of chemical reactions
Plasma Membrane - Answers the outer boundary of life
Internal Membranes - Answers exist in eukaryotic cells, names after their internal component; ie.
golgi membrane for the golgi apparatus
Primitive prokaryote cell evolved into_________ - Answers pro-eukaryotic cell
Eukaryote - Answers single celled organism
Paramecium - Answers distant ancestor of our cells, limited by # of biomolecular machines
within itself
What does a paramecium use cilia for? - Answers to move
What was the precursor to our kidneys? - Answers contractile vacuole
SEM(Scanning Electron Microscopy) - Answers cannot view living cells
What can parameciums o as a defense technique against predators? - Answers they can shed
their cilia
Cells "walk" with ______ and ________ - Answers lamelipodium an fillapodium
How do you distinguish the front and the back of the cell? - Answers the front has lamelipodium
and filapodium, the back has retraction fibers
Focus - Answers clump of cancer cells
Phase Contrast Microscopy - Answers can watch living cells move, light microscopy
Retraction Fiber - Answers the first lamelipodia, stretches until it breaks and then releases
cytoplasm and is reabsorbed into the cell
How can a cell stretch their parts so extensively? - Answers elasticity and the plasma
membrane
Normal cells are anchorage-_______________ - Answers dependent
Cancer cells are anchorage-________________ - Answers independent
Anchorage-dependent - Answers uses contact inhibition to stop growth
Anchorage-indepedent - Answers will keep growing forever given fresh nutrients and space
Limitations of Cell Culture technique - Answers 1) not all cells will grow in a culture
2) cells lose their histotype in vivoshape and 3d structure of tissue is changed
3)metabolism likely changes
Controlled Experiment - Answers scientists manipulate only one of the variables/factors being
tested
, Comparative Experiment - Answers data is gathered from different sources and is not
manipulated and other variables are held constant
Cell size is limited by________ - Answers the diffusion of gas and nutrients/waste
What does an extant version of a prokaryotic cell have? - Answers cytoplasm, ribosomes,
nucleoid, plasma membrane, cell wall and capsule
Endomembrane theory - Answers an infolded plasma membrane attached to a chromosome in
an ancestral prokaryote may have led to formation of plasma membrane. endocytosis would
have needed to occur
What was the advantage of losing the cell wall? - Answers allowed for flexibility of the cell
What is the cytoskeleton composed of? - Answers actin microtubules
Do we know where the cytoskeleton came from? - Answers NO. genes encoded not found in
bacteria or archaea
The first true eukaryote likely possessed: - Answers 1) cytoskeleton
2)nuclear envelope
3) may have had an associated endoplasmic reticulum and golgi apparatus
4)one or more flagella possibly
What did the endosymbiotic theory develop? - Answers Mitochondria and chloroplasts
Peroxisomes - Answers organelles capable of disarming toxic products of oxygen such as
hydrogen peroxide
Approximately when did the first cells form on earth? - Answers 3.5 billion years ago
What are the major differences in plant eukaryotic cells? - Answers cell wall, chloroplasts and a
large vacuole
What % water are we? - Answers 50-70%
What are biological membranes composed of? - Answers mostly lipids and proteins
Two functions of biological membranes - Answers partition water and compartmentalize
enzymes to increase efficiency of chemical reactions
Plasma Membrane - Answers the outer boundary of life
Internal Membranes - Answers exist in eukaryotic cells, names after their internal component; ie.
golgi membrane for the golgi apparatus
