PSYCHOPATHOLOGY EXAM 5
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
neurodevelopmental disorders - Correct Answers -neurologically based disorders that
are revealed in a clinically significant way during a child's developing years
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) - Correct Answers -developmental
disorder featuring maladaptive levels of inattention, excessive activity, and
impulsiveness
Tourette's disorder - Correct Answers -developmental disorder featuring multiple
dysfunctional motor and vocal tics
copy number variants - Correct Answers -genes that are deleted as a result of
mutations; these deletions may play a role in the development of ADHD and other
disorders
specific learning disorder - Correct Answers -neurodevelopmental disorder
characterized by academic performance that is substantially below what would be
expected given the person's age, intelligence quotient (IQ) score, and education
childhood-onset fluency disorder (stuttering) - Correct Answers -repetitions of words or
parts of words, as well as prolongations of speech sounds
language disorder - Correct Answers -getting one's meaning or message across to
others (expressive language disorder), or understanding the message coming from
others (receptive language disorder)
autism spectrum disorder (ASD) - Correct Answers -neurodevelopmental disorder
characterized by significant impairment in social interactions and communication and
restricted patterns of behavior, interest, and activity
childhood disintegrative disorder - Correct Answers -pervasive developmental disorder
involving severe regression in language, adaptive behavior, and motor skills after a 2- to
4-year period of normal development
Rett disorder - Correct Answers -progressive neurodevelopmental disorder featuring
constant hand-wringing, intellectual disability, and impaired motor skills
, pervasive developmental disorder - not otherwise specified - Correct Answers -wide-
ranging, significant, and long-lasting dysfunctions that appear before the age of 18
joint attention - Correct Answers -attention shared by two persons toward an object after
one person has indicated interest in the object to the other person; this social interaction
is limited or absent in people with autism spectrum disorder
prosody - Correct Answers -vocal characteristics such as tone and stress; people with
autism spectrum disorder often have trouble recognizing and interpreting these vocal
cues
naturalistic teaching strategies - Correct Answers -Instructional techniques that are used
with children having neurodevelopmental disorders and that move away from traditional
desk instruction toward more natural social interactions
intellectual disability (ID) - Correct Answers -a diagnosis received when one achieves a
significantly below-average score on a test of intelligence and by limitations in the ability
to function in areas of daily life
phenylketonuria (PKU) - Correct Answers -Recessive disorder involving the inability to
break down a food chemical whose buildup causes intellectual disability, seizures, and
behavior problems. PKU can be detected by infant screening and prevented by a
specialized diet
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome - Correct Answers -X-linked disorder characterized by
intellectual disability, signs of cerebral palsy, and self-injurious behavior
Down syndrome - Correct Answers -Type of intellectual disability caused by a
chromosomal aberration (chromosome 21) and involving characteristic physical
appearance. Sometimes known as trisomy 21
amniocentesis - Correct Answers -prenatal medical procedure that allows the detection
of abnormalities (for example, Down syndrome) in the developing fetus. It involves
removal and analysis of amniotic fluid from the mother
chorionic villus sampling (CVS) - Correct Answers -a genetic test conducted during
early pregnancy that samples cells found in the placenta (chorionic villi) and assesses
possible genetic or chromosomal problems in the fetus
fragile X syndrome - Correct Answers -pattern of abnormality caused by a defect in the
X chromosome resulting in intellectual disability, learning problems, and unusual
physical characteristics
cultural-familial intellectual disability - Correct Answers -mild intellectual disability that
may be caused largely by environmental influences
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
neurodevelopmental disorders - Correct Answers -neurologically based disorders that
are revealed in a clinically significant way during a child's developing years
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) - Correct Answers -developmental
disorder featuring maladaptive levels of inattention, excessive activity, and
impulsiveness
Tourette's disorder - Correct Answers -developmental disorder featuring multiple
dysfunctional motor and vocal tics
copy number variants - Correct Answers -genes that are deleted as a result of
mutations; these deletions may play a role in the development of ADHD and other
disorders
specific learning disorder - Correct Answers -neurodevelopmental disorder
characterized by academic performance that is substantially below what would be
expected given the person's age, intelligence quotient (IQ) score, and education
childhood-onset fluency disorder (stuttering) - Correct Answers -repetitions of words or
parts of words, as well as prolongations of speech sounds
language disorder - Correct Answers -getting one's meaning or message across to
others (expressive language disorder), or understanding the message coming from
others (receptive language disorder)
autism spectrum disorder (ASD) - Correct Answers -neurodevelopmental disorder
characterized by significant impairment in social interactions and communication and
restricted patterns of behavior, interest, and activity
childhood disintegrative disorder - Correct Answers -pervasive developmental disorder
involving severe regression in language, adaptive behavior, and motor skills after a 2- to
4-year period of normal development
Rett disorder - Correct Answers -progressive neurodevelopmental disorder featuring
constant hand-wringing, intellectual disability, and impaired motor skills
, pervasive developmental disorder - not otherwise specified - Correct Answers -wide-
ranging, significant, and long-lasting dysfunctions that appear before the age of 18
joint attention - Correct Answers -attention shared by two persons toward an object after
one person has indicated interest in the object to the other person; this social interaction
is limited or absent in people with autism spectrum disorder
prosody - Correct Answers -vocal characteristics such as tone and stress; people with
autism spectrum disorder often have trouble recognizing and interpreting these vocal
cues
naturalistic teaching strategies - Correct Answers -Instructional techniques that are used
with children having neurodevelopmental disorders and that move away from traditional
desk instruction toward more natural social interactions
intellectual disability (ID) - Correct Answers -a diagnosis received when one achieves a
significantly below-average score on a test of intelligence and by limitations in the ability
to function in areas of daily life
phenylketonuria (PKU) - Correct Answers -Recessive disorder involving the inability to
break down a food chemical whose buildup causes intellectual disability, seizures, and
behavior problems. PKU can be detected by infant screening and prevented by a
specialized diet
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome - Correct Answers -X-linked disorder characterized by
intellectual disability, signs of cerebral palsy, and self-injurious behavior
Down syndrome - Correct Answers -Type of intellectual disability caused by a
chromosomal aberration (chromosome 21) and involving characteristic physical
appearance. Sometimes known as trisomy 21
amniocentesis - Correct Answers -prenatal medical procedure that allows the detection
of abnormalities (for example, Down syndrome) in the developing fetus. It involves
removal and analysis of amniotic fluid from the mother
chorionic villus sampling (CVS) - Correct Answers -a genetic test conducted during
early pregnancy that samples cells found in the placenta (chorionic villi) and assesses
possible genetic or chromosomal problems in the fetus
fragile X syndrome - Correct Answers -pattern of abnormality caused by a defect in the
X chromosome resulting in intellectual disability, learning problems, and unusual
physical characteristics
cultural-familial intellectual disability - Correct Answers -mild intellectual disability that
may be caused largely by environmental influences
