NUR 300 exam 3
degree, location, duration, and timing (acute vs chronic) - correct answers what factors determine how
destructive an obstruction is
renal calculi - correct answers what causes a renal pelvis obstruction
renal calculi, pregnancy, tumors - correct answers what causes a ureter obstruction
bladder cancer, neurogenic bladder, prostatic hyperplasia, prostate cancer, urethral strictures - correct
answers what causes a bladder and urethra obstruction
stasis of urine flow and back up pressure - correct answers2 complications of obstruction
uti - correct answers what is a complication of stasis of urine flow
hydroureter and hydronephrosis - correct answers back-up pressure results in
hydroureter - correct answers swelling of ureter
hydronephrosis - correct answers swelling in kidney
pain - correct answers what is the number one problem of acute obstruction
nephrolithiasis - correct answers clumps of crystals in the urinary tract
renal calculi or kidney stones
site - correct answers which factor primarily determines severity of pain
,renal pelvis - correct answerswhere do nephrolithiasis form
men, 20s-30s, white, fam history, congenital defect, hot weather, obesity - correct answersrisk factors
for nephrolithiasis
increased risk of dehydration - correct answerswhy is hot weather a risk factor for nephrolithiasis
crystalized solutes in urine - correct answersetiology of nephrolithiasis
calcium oxalte - correct answersmost common type of kidney stone (nephrolithiasis)
family history, idiopathic, increased calcemia, increased oxaluria - correct answers4 specific risks for
calcium oxalate kidney stones
uti - correct answersspecific risk for struvite (staghorn) kidney stone
gout - correct answersspecific risk for uric acid kidney stone
struvite - correct answersvery large kidney stone that forms in the pelvis of the kidney, r/t multiple UTIs
super saturation with a solute, crystals begin forming in nephron, crystal formation enhanced by
dehydration and immobility/sedentary lifestyle - correct answerspathogenesis of nephrolithiasis (kidney
stones)
acute renal colic, N/V, diaphoresis, increased HR and RR - correct answers5 clinical manifestations of
nephrolithiasis
severe pain - correct answerswhy are there systemic clinical manifestations with nephrolithiasis
,flank and groin - correct answerswhere does acute renal colic radiate to
spasms, intermittent, sharp, severe - correct answers4 characteristics of acute renal colic
morphine or NSAIDs, IV fluids (hydrate) - correct answersacute pain meds for nephrolithiasis
thiazide diuretics - correct answerspreventative med for calcium nephrolithiasis
antibiotics - correct answerspreventative med for struvite nephrolithiasis
allopurinol - correct answerspreventative med for urate nephrolithiasis
cystitis - correct answerslower UTI
pyelonephritis - correct answersupper UTI
sterile - correct answersis urine typically sterile or unsterile
acidic - correct answersurine pH is
break down bacteria - correct answerswhat is the purpose of the presence of urea
flush system - correct answerswhy is urine flow uni-directional
prostatic secretions (kill bacteria coming up from urethra) - correct answerssex specific factor for men
against UTIs
urethral gland secretions (kill bacteria coming up from urethra) - correct answerssex specific factor for
women against UTIs
, catheterization, female - perineal irritation, age, pregnancy, sexual activity (spermicide use w diaphragm
or condom), urinary obstruction or reflux, immobility, incontinence, decreased cognition, bad personal
hygiene - correct answers10 risk factors of UTIs
e coli - correct answerswhat is the most common pathogen of cystitis (lower UTI)
bacteriuria - correct answersbacteria in the urine *not* causing infection
urethritis - correct answersinfection in the urethra
cystisis - correct answersinfection in the bladder
ascending pattern up from contaminated perineum, urethra, bladder (cystitis), ureter, kidney
(pyelonephritis) - correct answerspathogenesis of UTIs
urethritis (dysuria), cystitis (frequency, urgency, suprapubic discomfort, dysuria), possible hematuria
(urine doesn't have to be visibly bloody, normal is 0-5) - correct answers3 clinical manifestations of
lower UTIs
fever, irritability, poor feeding, vomiting, diarrhea, ill appearance - correct answers6 atypical UTI
manifestations in children
anxiety, confusion, lethargy, anorexia, history of falling - correct answers5 atypical manifestations of
UTIs in the elderly
pyelonephritis - correct answersinflammation of the kidneys
pregnancy - fetus blocks ureters and urine stays in kidneys - correct answersmajor risk factor for upper
UTI and why
opaque w foul odor - correct answerscharacteristics of upper UTI urine
degree, location, duration, and timing (acute vs chronic) - correct answers what factors determine how
destructive an obstruction is
renal calculi - correct answers what causes a renal pelvis obstruction
renal calculi, pregnancy, tumors - correct answers what causes a ureter obstruction
bladder cancer, neurogenic bladder, prostatic hyperplasia, prostate cancer, urethral strictures - correct
answers what causes a bladder and urethra obstruction
stasis of urine flow and back up pressure - correct answers2 complications of obstruction
uti - correct answers what is a complication of stasis of urine flow
hydroureter and hydronephrosis - correct answers back-up pressure results in
hydroureter - correct answers swelling of ureter
hydronephrosis - correct answers swelling in kidney
pain - correct answers what is the number one problem of acute obstruction
nephrolithiasis - correct answers clumps of crystals in the urinary tract
renal calculi or kidney stones
site - correct answers which factor primarily determines severity of pain
,renal pelvis - correct answerswhere do nephrolithiasis form
men, 20s-30s, white, fam history, congenital defect, hot weather, obesity - correct answersrisk factors
for nephrolithiasis
increased risk of dehydration - correct answerswhy is hot weather a risk factor for nephrolithiasis
crystalized solutes in urine - correct answersetiology of nephrolithiasis
calcium oxalte - correct answersmost common type of kidney stone (nephrolithiasis)
family history, idiopathic, increased calcemia, increased oxaluria - correct answers4 specific risks for
calcium oxalate kidney stones
uti - correct answersspecific risk for struvite (staghorn) kidney stone
gout - correct answersspecific risk for uric acid kidney stone
struvite - correct answersvery large kidney stone that forms in the pelvis of the kidney, r/t multiple UTIs
super saturation with a solute, crystals begin forming in nephron, crystal formation enhanced by
dehydration and immobility/sedentary lifestyle - correct answerspathogenesis of nephrolithiasis (kidney
stones)
acute renal colic, N/V, diaphoresis, increased HR and RR - correct answers5 clinical manifestations of
nephrolithiasis
severe pain - correct answerswhy are there systemic clinical manifestations with nephrolithiasis
,flank and groin - correct answerswhere does acute renal colic radiate to
spasms, intermittent, sharp, severe - correct answers4 characteristics of acute renal colic
morphine or NSAIDs, IV fluids (hydrate) - correct answersacute pain meds for nephrolithiasis
thiazide diuretics - correct answerspreventative med for calcium nephrolithiasis
antibiotics - correct answerspreventative med for struvite nephrolithiasis
allopurinol - correct answerspreventative med for urate nephrolithiasis
cystitis - correct answerslower UTI
pyelonephritis - correct answersupper UTI
sterile - correct answersis urine typically sterile or unsterile
acidic - correct answersurine pH is
break down bacteria - correct answerswhat is the purpose of the presence of urea
flush system - correct answerswhy is urine flow uni-directional
prostatic secretions (kill bacteria coming up from urethra) - correct answerssex specific factor for men
against UTIs
urethral gland secretions (kill bacteria coming up from urethra) - correct answerssex specific factor for
women against UTIs
, catheterization, female - perineal irritation, age, pregnancy, sexual activity (spermicide use w diaphragm
or condom), urinary obstruction or reflux, immobility, incontinence, decreased cognition, bad personal
hygiene - correct answers10 risk factors of UTIs
e coli - correct answerswhat is the most common pathogen of cystitis (lower UTI)
bacteriuria - correct answersbacteria in the urine *not* causing infection
urethritis - correct answersinfection in the urethra
cystisis - correct answersinfection in the bladder
ascending pattern up from contaminated perineum, urethra, bladder (cystitis), ureter, kidney
(pyelonephritis) - correct answerspathogenesis of UTIs
urethritis (dysuria), cystitis (frequency, urgency, suprapubic discomfort, dysuria), possible hematuria
(urine doesn't have to be visibly bloody, normal is 0-5) - correct answers3 clinical manifestations of
lower UTIs
fever, irritability, poor feeding, vomiting, diarrhea, ill appearance - correct answers6 atypical UTI
manifestations in children
anxiety, confusion, lethargy, anorexia, history of falling - correct answers5 atypical manifestations of
UTIs in the elderly
pyelonephritis - correct answersinflammation of the kidneys
pregnancy - fetus blocks ureters and urine stays in kidneys - correct answersmajor risk factor for upper
UTI and why
opaque w foul odor - correct answerscharacteristics of upper UTI urine
