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UNIT 1 BIOLOGY QUESTIONS WITH
DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) Ans: hereditary material that encodes
genetic instructions; a type of nucleic acid that contains the sugar
deoxyribose; shape: double helix; nitrogenous bases: adenine, cytosine,
guanine, thymine
RNA (Ribonucleic acid) Ans: single-stranded nucleic acid that contains
the sugar ribose; nitrogenous bases: adenine, cytosine, guanine, uracil
Prokaryotic cell (Prokaryote) Ans: do not have a nucleus or membrane-
covered organelles
Eukaryotic cell (Eukaryote) Ans: has a nucleus and membrane-covered
organelles
organism Ans: one living thing (1 individual)-can independently carry
out life processes; meets all 8 characteristics of life: GREGCHOR
population Ans: a group of individuals of the SAME species that live in
the same area
community Ans: all of the populations of DIFFERENT species that live
and interact in an area (ONLY biotic factors)
ecosystem Ans: community/communities and their nonliving
environment, including their interactions
(biotic factors + abiotic factors + interactions)
Homeostasis Ans: process by which organisms maintain a relatively
stable internal environment
(homeo-"similar to", stasis-"balance"
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Biodiversity Ans: biological diversity; the sum total of the variety of
organisms in the biosphere
(bio-"life", diversity-differences)
Virus Ans: A tiny particle made up of DNA or RNA (nucleic acid), protein,
and in some cases lipids; invades and then reproduces inside a living host
cell.
host cell Ans: Living cell in which a virus replicates
Charles Darwin Ans: The "father" of evolution-English naturalist that
traveled around much of the world (including the Galapagos Islands),
observing plants & animals carefully. Based on his observations, he later
wrote the theory of evolution by natural selection.
fossil Ans: solidified remains or imprints of an organism from the past
fossil record Ans: a historical sequence of life on Earth based on the
sequence of fossils found in layers of the Earth's crust
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck Ans: French naturalist proposed that by selective
use or disuse of organs, organisms could acquire certain traits during
their lifetime which are then passed on to their children and future
generations, eventually changing the species; his "theory" was proven
incorrect
evolution Ans: the process of how populations of organisms accumulate
inherited changes over time
natural selection Ans: the process by which organisms with favorable
traits survive and reproduce at a higher rate than organisms with less
favorable traits
genetic variation Ans: the variety of genes in a population
fitness Ans: Ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its
environment; more offspring, higher fitness
capsid Ans: Outer protein coat of a virus, protects the genetic code
UNIT 1 BIOLOGY QUESTIONS WITH
DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) Ans: hereditary material that encodes
genetic instructions; a type of nucleic acid that contains the sugar
deoxyribose; shape: double helix; nitrogenous bases: adenine, cytosine,
guanine, thymine
RNA (Ribonucleic acid) Ans: single-stranded nucleic acid that contains
the sugar ribose; nitrogenous bases: adenine, cytosine, guanine, uracil
Prokaryotic cell (Prokaryote) Ans: do not have a nucleus or membrane-
covered organelles
Eukaryotic cell (Eukaryote) Ans: has a nucleus and membrane-covered
organelles
organism Ans: one living thing (1 individual)-can independently carry
out life processes; meets all 8 characteristics of life: GREGCHOR
population Ans: a group of individuals of the SAME species that live in
the same area
community Ans: all of the populations of DIFFERENT species that live
and interact in an area (ONLY biotic factors)
ecosystem Ans: community/communities and their nonliving
environment, including their interactions
(biotic factors + abiotic factors + interactions)
Homeostasis Ans: process by which organisms maintain a relatively
stable internal environment
(homeo-"similar to", stasis-"balance"
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Biodiversity Ans: biological diversity; the sum total of the variety of
organisms in the biosphere
(bio-"life", diversity-differences)
Virus Ans: A tiny particle made up of DNA or RNA (nucleic acid), protein,
and in some cases lipids; invades and then reproduces inside a living host
cell.
host cell Ans: Living cell in which a virus replicates
Charles Darwin Ans: The "father" of evolution-English naturalist that
traveled around much of the world (including the Galapagos Islands),
observing plants & animals carefully. Based on his observations, he later
wrote the theory of evolution by natural selection.
fossil Ans: solidified remains or imprints of an organism from the past
fossil record Ans: a historical sequence of life on Earth based on the
sequence of fossils found in layers of the Earth's crust
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck Ans: French naturalist proposed that by selective
use or disuse of organs, organisms could acquire certain traits during
their lifetime which are then passed on to their children and future
generations, eventually changing the species; his "theory" was proven
incorrect
evolution Ans: the process of how populations of organisms accumulate
inherited changes over time
natural selection Ans: the process by which organisms with favorable
traits survive and reproduce at a higher rate than organisms with less
favorable traits
genetic variation Ans: the variety of genes in a population
fitness Ans: Ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its
environment; more offspring, higher fitness
capsid Ans: Outer protein coat of a virus, protects the genetic code
