Patho Final EXAM QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST 2026-2027 NEW
VERSION
When an aide asks the nurse what is a purpose of the inflammatory process, how should
the nurse respond?
A. To lyse cell membranes of microorganisms
B. To prevent infection of the injured tissue
C. To create immunity against subsequent tissue injury
D. To provide specific responses toward antigens - answer>>>B. To prevent infection of
the injured tissue
The nurse is reviewing the lab data of a newly admitted patient. The nurse notes the
patient had an erythrocyte sedimentation done, and the results are quite elevated. The
nurse would focus the care plan on which of the following conditions?
A. Inflammation
B. Electrolyte imbalance
C. Anemia
D. Infection - answer>>>A. Inflammation
A 20-year-old male shoots his hand with a nail gun while replacing roofing shingles. Which
of the following cell types would be the first to aid in killing bacteria to prevent infection
in his hand?
A. Neutrophils
B. Leukotrienes
C. Monocytes
D. Eosinophils - answer>>>A. Neutrophils
A child fell off the swing and scraped the right knee. The injured area becomes painful.
What else will the nurse observe upon assessment?
A. Pale skin at injured site
B. Edema at injured site
,-
C. Vasoconstriction at injured site
D. Decreased RBC concentration at injured site - answer>>>B. Edema at injured site
The nurse is assessing a patient with a diagnosis of inflammation. The
nurse would expect to find which of the following signs and symptoms
consistent with acute inflammation? (Select all that apply.)
A. Erythema
B. Pain
C. Loss of function
D. Exudates
E. Heat
F. Swelling - answer>>>A. Erythema
B. Pain
C. Loss of function
E. Heat
F. Swelling
Which statement indicates teaching was successful regarding collectins? Collectins are
produced by the:
A. Bowel
B. Lungs
C. Integument
D. Kidneys - answer>>>B. Lungs
A 54-year-old male intravenous (IV) drug user is diagnosed with chronic hepatitis C.
Testing revealed that he is a candidate for treatment. Which of the following could be
used to treat his condition?
A. INFs
B. Interleukin-10
,C. Interleukin-6
D. Interleukin-1 - answer>>>A. INFs
The complement, clotting, and kinin systems share which of the following characteristics?
A. Granulocyte production
B. Activation of a series of proenzymes
C. Phagocytosis initiation
D. Activated by interferon - answer>>>B. Activation of a series of proenzymes
A 30-year-old male was involved in a motor vehicle accident. The glass from the shattered
window cut his face and neck. The scar, however, was raised and extended beyond the
original boundaries of the wound. This pattern of scarring is caused by impaired:
A. Collagen synthesis
B. Epithelialization
C. Contraction
D. Nutritional status - answer>>>A. Collagen synthesis
Biochemical secretions that trap and kill microorganisms include:
A. Hormones
B. Gastric acid
C. Earwax
D. Neurotransmitters - answer>>>C. Earwax
A nurse remembers the primary actions of the complement cascade include
(select all that apply):
A. Increased clotting
B. Vasoconstriction
C. Cell killing
D. Chemotaxis
E. Increased vascular permeability
F. Opsonization - answer>>>C. Cell killing
D. Chemotaxis
E. Increased vascular permeability
, -
F. Opsonization
Physical barriers that offer the body protection from damage and
infection are located in the (select all that apply):
A. Genitourinary tract
B. Gastrointestinal tract
C. Lymph system
D. Hematopoietic system
E. Respiratory tract - answer>>>A. Genitourinary tract
B. Gastrointestinal tract
E. Respiratory tract
The directional migration of leukocytes along a chemical gradient is termed:
A. Endocytosis
B. Diapedesis
C. Chemotaxis
D. Margination - answer>>>C. Chemotaxis
During inflammation, the liver is stimulated to release plasma proteins, collectively known
as:
A. Opsonins
B. Acute phase reactants
C. Antibodies
D. Phagolysosome - answer>>>B. Acute phase reactants
The post-surgical patient is experiencing delayed wound healing. The dietician believes
the delay is related to nutritional intake. A deficiency in which of the following substances
could directly affect healing?
A. Cholesterol
B. Melanin
CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST 2026-2027 NEW
VERSION
When an aide asks the nurse what is a purpose of the inflammatory process, how should
the nurse respond?
A. To lyse cell membranes of microorganisms
B. To prevent infection of the injured tissue
C. To create immunity against subsequent tissue injury
D. To provide specific responses toward antigens - answer>>>B. To prevent infection of
the injured tissue
The nurse is reviewing the lab data of a newly admitted patient. The nurse notes the
patient had an erythrocyte sedimentation done, and the results are quite elevated. The
nurse would focus the care plan on which of the following conditions?
A. Inflammation
B. Electrolyte imbalance
C. Anemia
D. Infection - answer>>>A. Inflammation
A 20-year-old male shoots his hand with a nail gun while replacing roofing shingles. Which
of the following cell types would be the first to aid in killing bacteria to prevent infection
in his hand?
A. Neutrophils
B. Leukotrienes
C. Monocytes
D. Eosinophils - answer>>>A. Neutrophils
A child fell off the swing and scraped the right knee. The injured area becomes painful.
What else will the nurse observe upon assessment?
A. Pale skin at injured site
B. Edema at injured site
,-
C. Vasoconstriction at injured site
D. Decreased RBC concentration at injured site - answer>>>B. Edema at injured site
The nurse is assessing a patient with a diagnosis of inflammation. The
nurse would expect to find which of the following signs and symptoms
consistent with acute inflammation? (Select all that apply.)
A. Erythema
B. Pain
C. Loss of function
D. Exudates
E. Heat
F. Swelling - answer>>>A. Erythema
B. Pain
C. Loss of function
E. Heat
F. Swelling
Which statement indicates teaching was successful regarding collectins? Collectins are
produced by the:
A. Bowel
B. Lungs
C. Integument
D. Kidneys - answer>>>B. Lungs
A 54-year-old male intravenous (IV) drug user is diagnosed with chronic hepatitis C.
Testing revealed that he is a candidate for treatment. Which of the following could be
used to treat his condition?
A. INFs
B. Interleukin-10
,C. Interleukin-6
D. Interleukin-1 - answer>>>A. INFs
The complement, clotting, and kinin systems share which of the following characteristics?
A. Granulocyte production
B. Activation of a series of proenzymes
C. Phagocytosis initiation
D. Activated by interferon - answer>>>B. Activation of a series of proenzymes
A 30-year-old male was involved in a motor vehicle accident. The glass from the shattered
window cut his face and neck. The scar, however, was raised and extended beyond the
original boundaries of the wound. This pattern of scarring is caused by impaired:
A. Collagen synthesis
B. Epithelialization
C. Contraction
D. Nutritional status - answer>>>A. Collagen synthesis
Biochemical secretions that trap and kill microorganisms include:
A. Hormones
B. Gastric acid
C. Earwax
D. Neurotransmitters - answer>>>C. Earwax
A nurse remembers the primary actions of the complement cascade include
(select all that apply):
A. Increased clotting
B. Vasoconstriction
C. Cell killing
D. Chemotaxis
E. Increased vascular permeability
F. Opsonization - answer>>>C. Cell killing
D. Chemotaxis
E. Increased vascular permeability
, -
F. Opsonization
Physical barriers that offer the body protection from damage and
infection are located in the (select all that apply):
A. Genitourinary tract
B. Gastrointestinal tract
C. Lymph system
D. Hematopoietic system
E. Respiratory tract - answer>>>A. Genitourinary tract
B. Gastrointestinal tract
E. Respiratory tract
The directional migration of leukocytes along a chemical gradient is termed:
A. Endocytosis
B. Diapedesis
C. Chemotaxis
D. Margination - answer>>>C. Chemotaxis
During inflammation, the liver is stimulated to release plasma proteins, collectively known
as:
A. Opsonins
B. Acute phase reactants
C. Antibodies
D. Phagolysosome - answer>>>B. Acute phase reactants
The post-surgical patient is experiencing delayed wound healing. The dietician believes
the delay is related to nutritional intake. A deficiency in which of the following substances
could directly affect healing?
A. Cholesterol
B. Melanin
