NURS 5315 Advanced Patho Exam 5 STUDY
GUIDE 2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS || 100% GUARANTEED PASS
<LATEST VERSION>
1. Mouth, Esophagus, Stomach, and Dodenum are all part of the Upper or
Lower GI System? - ANSWER ✔ Upper GI System
2. The Small Intestine, Large Intestines, and Colon are all part of the Upper or
Lower GI system? - ANSWER ✔ Lower GI System
3. What is the Biochemical breakdown of food called? - ANSWER ✔
Digestion
4. Transferring small units, with water electrolytes, vitamins, from GI lumen
into the blood and lymph refers to ____. - ANSWER ✔ Absorption
5. When the muscles in the GI tract contact, this refers to ____. - ANSWER ✔
Motility
6. What is the process that involves the release of water, mucus, and
electrolytes such as hydrochloric acid (HCL) in the stomach? - ANSWER ✔
Secretion
,7. Which stimulates bone formation, GIP or GLP1? - ANSWER ✔ Gastric
inhibitory protein (GIP)
8. Which incretin hormone increases fat accumulation? Gastric inhibitory
peptide (GIP) or Glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP)? - ANSWER ✔ Gastric
inhibitory peptide (GIP)
9. Which incretin hormone increases Cardioprotection and Cardiac Output?
Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) or Glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP)? -
ANSWER ✔ Glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP)
10.Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) and Glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP) do most
of the same things in the pancreas EXCEPT? - ANSWER ✔ Gastric
inhibitory peptide (GIP) increases Glucagon
Glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP) decreases Glucagon
11.In Gastrointestinal blood flow, the Celiac Artery, Superior Mesenteric
Artery and Inferior Mesenteric Artery all stem from what part of the Heart? -
ANSWER ✔ Aorta
12.What (4) organs do the Celiac artery feed oxygenated blood to? - ANSWER
✔ Liver
Stomach
Spleen
Pancreas
13.What (3) organs do the Superior Mesenteric artery feed oxygenated blood
to? - ANSWER ✔ Pancreas
, Small intestine
Large intestine
14.What two arteries give blood to the Colon? - ANSWER ✔ Superior and
inferior Mesenteric Artery
15.Blood flows through the gut to the hepatic circulation through which vein? -
ANSWER ✔ Hepatic Portal Vein
16.Which vein receive blood from digestive organ capillaries and delivers it to
liver capillaries? - ANSWER ✔ Hepatic Portal Vein
17.Age Related Changes- GI - ANSWER ✔ decreased taste and smell
slowed motility & GERD
decreased blood flow and gastric secretions which can lead to increased risk
of damage to mucosal lining
b12 anemia (pernicious)
decreased nutrient absorption
reduced drug metabolism from enzymatic changes of the liver
liver function tests unchanged (if not normal, disorder, not aging sign)
fibrotic pancreas and atrophy
decrease in function of beta cell function
18.Diarrhea - ANSWER ✔ at least 3 loose stools than developed within 24
hours, lasts no longer than 14 days
infectious diarrhea is typically less than 2 weeks
>14 days= persistent
>30 days = chronic
complications- dehydration, electrolyte, imbalances, metabolic acidosis,
weight loss, malabsorption, fatty stools
, 19.Osmotic Diarrhea - ANSWER ✔ Non-absorbable substance draws water
into the GI tract, which results in large volume diarrhea
mechanism of action by lactulose and miralax
can be caused by non-absorbable sugar, tube feedings, malabsorption,
pancreatic enzyme deficiency, bile salt deficiency, SI bacterial overgrowth,
celiac disease
20.Secretory diarrhea - ANSWER ✔ excessive mucosal secretion of fluid and
electrolytes produces large-volume diarrhea
Typically d/t infectious causes like bacteria (c-diff)
21.motility diarrhea - ANSWER ✔ Decreased transit time of food through the
GI tract, short bowel syndrome
D/t- resection of small intestine, surgical bypass of small intestine, IBS,
hyperthyroidism, diabetic neuropathy, laxative abuse
22.GI Bleed - ANSWER ✔ Complications- shock, decreased cardiac output,
hypotension, AKI, tachycardia, anemia
Occult - not visible and results in iron deficiency. Common in colon cancer.
23.Upper GI Bleed - ANSWER ✔ Esophagus, stomach, duodenum
GUIDE 2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS || 100% GUARANTEED PASS
<LATEST VERSION>
1. Mouth, Esophagus, Stomach, and Dodenum are all part of the Upper or
Lower GI System? - ANSWER ✔ Upper GI System
2. The Small Intestine, Large Intestines, and Colon are all part of the Upper or
Lower GI system? - ANSWER ✔ Lower GI System
3. What is the Biochemical breakdown of food called? - ANSWER ✔
Digestion
4. Transferring small units, with water electrolytes, vitamins, from GI lumen
into the blood and lymph refers to ____. - ANSWER ✔ Absorption
5. When the muscles in the GI tract contact, this refers to ____. - ANSWER ✔
Motility
6. What is the process that involves the release of water, mucus, and
electrolytes such as hydrochloric acid (HCL) in the stomach? - ANSWER ✔
Secretion
,7. Which stimulates bone formation, GIP or GLP1? - ANSWER ✔ Gastric
inhibitory protein (GIP)
8. Which incretin hormone increases fat accumulation? Gastric inhibitory
peptide (GIP) or Glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP)? - ANSWER ✔ Gastric
inhibitory peptide (GIP)
9. Which incretin hormone increases Cardioprotection and Cardiac Output?
Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) or Glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP)? -
ANSWER ✔ Glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP)
10.Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) and Glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP) do most
of the same things in the pancreas EXCEPT? - ANSWER ✔ Gastric
inhibitory peptide (GIP) increases Glucagon
Glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP) decreases Glucagon
11.In Gastrointestinal blood flow, the Celiac Artery, Superior Mesenteric
Artery and Inferior Mesenteric Artery all stem from what part of the Heart? -
ANSWER ✔ Aorta
12.What (4) organs do the Celiac artery feed oxygenated blood to? - ANSWER
✔ Liver
Stomach
Spleen
Pancreas
13.What (3) organs do the Superior Mesenteric artery feed oxygenated blood
to? - ANSWER ✔ Pancreas
, Small intestine
Large intestine
14.What two arteries give blood to the Colon? - ANSWER ✔ Superior and
inferior Mesenteric Artery
15.Blood flows through the gut to the hepatic circulation through which vein? -
ANSWER ✔ Hepatic Portal Vein
16.Which vein receive blood from digestive organ capillaries and delivers it to
liver capillaries? - ANSWER ✔ Hepatic Portal Vein
17.Age Related Changes- GI - ANSWER ✔ decreased taste and smell
slowed motility & GERD
decreased blood flow and gastric secretions which can lead to increased risk
of damage to mucosal lining
b12 anemia (pernicious)
decreased nutrient absorption
reduced drug metabolism from enzymatic changes of the liver
liver function tests unchanged (if not normal, disorder, not aging sign)
fibrotic pancreas and atrophy
decrease in function of beta cell function
18.Diarrhea - ANSWER ✔ at least 3 loose stools than developed within 24
hours, lasts no longer than 14 days
infectious diarrhea is typically less than 2 weeks
>14 days= persistent
>30 days = chronic
complications- dehydration, electrolyte, imbalances, metabolic acidosis,
weight loss, malabsorption, fatty stools
, 19.Osmotic Diarrhea - ANSWER ✔ Non-absorbable substance draws water
into the GI tract, which results in large volume diarrhea
mechanism of action by lactulose and miralax
can be caused by non-absorbable sugar, tube feedings, malabsorption,
pancreatic enzyme deficiency, bile salt deficiency, SI bacterial overgrowth,
celiac disease
20.Secretory diarrhea - ANSWER ✔ excessive mucosal secretion of fluid and
electrolytes produces large-volume diarrhea
Typically d/t infectious causes like bacteria (c-diff)
21.motility diarrhea - ANSWER ✔ Decreased transit time of food through the
GI tract, short bowel syndrome
D/t- resection of small intestine, surgical bypass of small intestine, IBS,
hyperthyroidism, diabetic neuropathy, laxative abuse
22.GI Bleed - ANSWER ✔ Complications- shock, decreased cardiac output,
hypotension, AKI, tachycardia, anemia
Occult - not visible and results in iron deficiency. Common in colon cancer.
23.Upper GI Bleed - ANSWER ✔ Esophagus, stomach, duodenum
