CPACC EXAM CORE CONCEPTS AND
APPLICATION QUESTIONS FINAL REVIEW
2026.
⫸ Social Model. Answer: Rather than place the definition of
"disability" entirely on the person with a disability, this model points
out that society creates disabling conditions. To a large extent,
"disability" is an avoidable condition caused by poor design.
-doesn't deny that there is a biological or medical component to
disability. It merely points out that more inclusive designs can remove
the barriers that people with disabilities face in their everyday lives.
The model emphasizes the human rights of people with disabilities to
participate in society in meaningful ways
-we are more disabled by the society that we live in than by our
bodies and our diagnoses
⫸ Functional Solutions Model. Answer: model takes a practical
approach to disability by identifying the impairments, or limitations,
that are a result of disability. The model then seeks out solutions for
eradicating these limitations through advancements in technology or
methodology. There is less of a focus on the social and political
aspects of disability, but more focus on applying innovation to
overcoming the limitations of disability.
-Businesses that create and sell accessibility solutions often take this
approach. They see a need and try to meet the need with their
products and/or services.
, ⫸ Social Identity Model/Cultural Affiliation Model. Answer: People
with disabilities may develop a sense of personal identity through
consorting with others who share similar life experiences based on
their disability. Together, the group develops a sense of culture based
on these shared experiences.
-doesn't always serve as a useful basis for technical definitions of
disability, because groups of people with different types of
disabilities—or even without any disabilities—may consider
themselves part of the same social group.
⫸ Charity Model/Tragedy Model. Answer: treats disabilities as
unfortunate or tragic conditions worthy of special treatment. People
without disabilities take pity on those with disabilities and set up
fundraisers, projects, assistance, and other interventions to improve
the condition of those with disabilities. Many people with disabilities
find this approach offensive, even if the end result produces
something that helps people with disabilities. With this approach, the
offensive part is the attitude and the assumptions. People without
disabilities are in the position of the givers; the "fortunate" ones.
People with disabilities are in the position of the receivers; the
"unfortunate" ones. This kind of arrangement sets up an unequal
power balance, and an unhealthy social relationship between groups
of people.
⫸ Blindness. Answer: Asightlessness or a loss of vision. While the
term is often used to define a total loss of vision, it may also refer to
partial blindness, where sight may be extremely limited (low vision)
Causes:
Diabetes
APPLICATION QUESTIONS FINAL REVIEW
2026.
⫸ Social Model. Answer: Rather than place the definition of
"disability" entirely on the person with a disability, this model points
out that society creates disabling conditions. To a large extent,
"disability" is an avoidable condition caused by poor design.
-doesn't deny that there is a biological or medical component to
disability. It merely points out that more inclusive designs can remove
the barriers that people with disabilities face in their everyday lives.
The model emphasizes the human rights of people with disabilities to
participate in society in meaningful ways
-we are more disabled by the society that we live in than by our
bodies and our diagnoses
⫸ Functional Solutions Model. Answer: model takes a practical
approach to disability by identifying the impairments, or limitations,
that are a result of disability. The model then seeks out solutions for
eradicating these limitations through advancements in technology or
methodology. There is less of a focus on the social and political
aspects of disability, but more focus on applying innovation to
overcoming the limitations of disability.
-Businesses that create and sell accessibility solutions often take this
approach. They see a need and try to meet the need with their
products and/or services.
, ⫸ Social Identity Model/Cultural Affiliation Model. Answer: People
with disabilities may develop a sense of personal identity through
consorting with others who share similar life experiences based on
their disability. Together, the group develops a sense of culture based
on these shared experiences.
-doesn't always serve as a useful basis for technical definitions of
disability, because groups of people with different types of
disabilities—or even without any disabilities—may consider
themselves part of the same social group.
⫸ Charity Model/Tragedy Model. Answer: treats disabilities as
unfortunate or tragic conditions worthy of special treatment. People
without disabilities take pity on those with disabilities and set up
fundraisers, projects, assistance, and other interventions to improve
the condition of those with disabilities. Many people with disabilities
find this approach offensive, even if the end result produces
something that helps people with disabilities. With this approach, the
offensive part is the attitude and the assumptions. People without
disabilities are in the position of the givers; the "fortunate" ones.
People with disabilities are in the position of the receivers; the
"unfortunate" ones. This kind of arrangement sets up an unequal
power balance, and an unhealthy social relationship between groups
of people.
⫸ Blindness. Answer: Asightlessness or a loss of vision. While the
term is often used to define a total loss of vision, it may also refer to
partial blindness, where sight may be extremely limited (low vision)
Causes:
Diabetes
