NGR6141 Advanced Patho - Exam 2 Objectives questions with answers

NGR6141 Advanced Patho - Exam 2
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Objectives questions with answers|\ |\ |\




1a. |\How |\does |\the |\skin |\protect |\us |\against |\antigens |\in |\the |\environment? |\



1b. |\What |\kinds |\of |\cells |\play |\a |\role |\in |\this |\process? |\- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔- |\It |\is |\the |\
first |\line |\of |\defense, |\regulates |\body |\temp, |\immune |\response

- |\provides |\a |\protective |\barrier |\between |\the |\host |\and |\the |\outside |\environment, |\and |\the |\
linings |\of |\the |\internal |\body |\organs |\help |\absorb |\substances |\into |\the |\body, |\excrete |\waste |\
products, |\and |\secrete |\substances |\into |\body |\cavities.

- |\this |\tissue |\covers |\most |\internal |\and |\external |\surfaces |\of |\the |\body. |\

- |\The |\functions |\include |\protection, |\absorption, |\secretion, |\and |\excretion

- |\provide |\biochemical |\barriers |\by |\synthesizing |\and |\secreting |\substances |\meant |\to |\trap |\of |\
destroy |\microorganisms. |\i.e. |\Mucus, |\earwax, |\goblet |\cells, |\saliva, |\tears.



1c. |\What |\kinds |\of |\epidermal |\cells |\play |\a |\role |\in |\the |\protecting |\us |\from |\antigens? |\- |\
CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔- |\Keratinocytes |\- |\produce |\keratin |\(scleroprotein |\- |\protection |\from |\
stress)

- |\Melanocyte |\- |\produces |\melanin, |\shields |\UV |\radiation, |\determines |\skin |\color

- |\Langerhans |\Cells |\- |\migrate |\from |\bone |\marrow, |\initiates |\immune |\response |\with |\dendrites

- |\Merkel |\Cells |\- |\"touch |\receptors" |\slowly |\adapting |\mechanoreceptors



1d. |\What |\kinds |\of |\dermal |\cells |\play |\a |\role |\in |\the |\protecting |\us |\from |\antigens? |\- |\
CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔- |\Fibroblasts |\- |\generate |\connective |\tissue, |\for |\wound |\healing

- |\Mast |\Cells |\- |\release |\histamine, |\hypersensitivity |\and |\immune |\FX

- |\Magrophanges |\- |\Phagocytotic, |\partial |\role |\in |\immune |\response, |\wound |\healing

,- |\Histocytes |\- |\in |\loose |\connective |\tissue, |\Machrophange, |\phagocytes |\pigments |\and |\debris |\
of |\inflammation



1e. |\Other |\types |\of |\'skin' |\cells |\that |\protect |\us |\from |\antigens? |\- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔- |\
Nails: |\protective |\keratinized |\plates

- |\Sebaceous |\Glands: |\secrete |\sebum, |\oils |\skin/hair, |\prevents |\drying

- |\Eccrine |\Sweat |\Glands: |\thermoregulate/ |\cool |\the |\body, |\evaporation



2. |\In |\allergic |\contact |\dermatitis, |\how |\does |\the |\body |\recognize |\the |\antigen? |\Think |\about |\
how |\the |\immune |\response |\and |\the |\cells |\involved. |\- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔- |\Allergan |\
comes |\into |\contact |\with |\the |\skin |\bound |\to |\a |\carrier |\protein, |\forming |\a |\hapten-specific |\
sensitizing |\antigen |\

- |\Langerhans |\cells |\process |\antigen |\and |\carry |\it |\to |\T-Cells

- |\T-Cells |\become |\sensitized |\to |\antigen, |\releasing |\cytokines |\and |\chemokine |\leading |\to |\
leukocyte |\infiltration |\and |\inflammation



3. |\What |\is |\Tinea |\Corpis? |\- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔- |\A |\condition |\known |\as |\RINGWORM |\
that |\is |\a |\fungal |\infection |\of |\the |\skin |\caused |\by |\Trichophyton |\or |\mircosporum, |\classified |\
according |\to |\the |\location.

results |\in |\a |\circular, |\clearly |\circumscribed, |\mildly |\erythematous |\(pink |\to |\red) |\scaly |\
|\


patches |\with |\a |\slightly |\elevated |\"ring-like" |\boarder, |\rash |\and |\itching |\or |\areas |\no |\covered |\
by |\hair

- |\Commonly |\found |\on |\scalp, |\feet, |\face, |\hands |\and |\groin

Source: |\kittens, |\puppies, |\lesion |\to |\lesion |\contact



4. |\What |\are |\signs |\and |\symptoms |\of |\atopic |\dermatitis? |\- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔- |\A |\
chronic |\hereditary |\skin |\disease |\characterized |\by |\intense |\itching |\inflamed |\skin |\which |\
causes |\redness |\swelling |\cracking |\crusting |\and |\scaling. |\Aka |\Atopic |\Eczema. |\Severe |\Puritis

- |\Lichenification |\- |\thickening |\of |\the |\epidermis |\from |\constant |\itching |\and |\scar |\tissue |\
formation

, 5. |\Where |\do |\these |\cancers |\originate: |\(chap |\12 |\p367)



a) |\Osteogenic |\sarcoma |\-



b) |\Basal |\cell |\carcinoma |\-



c) |\Multiple |\myeloma |\- |\



d) |\Adenocarcinoma |\- |\- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔a) |\Malignant |\bone |\forming |\tumor, |\most |\
often |\in |\bone |\marrow. |\



b) |\CA |\from |\epithelial |\cells, |\surface, |\tumor |\of |\skin



c) |\CA |\from |\Mesenchymal |\origin, |\Granular |\leukocytes |\and |\precursors, |\slow |\proliferation |\of
|\malignant |\cells, |\located |\in |\bone |\marrow




d) |\CA |\from |\Glandular |\or |\ductal |\epithelium, |\tumor |\from |\from |\epithelial |\cells |\with |\a |\
glandular |\patterns, |\effects |\ducts |\and |\glands



6. |\What |\is |\meant |\by |\tumor |\cell |\markers? |\(Mod |\8a |\- |\p372) |\- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔- |\
biochemical |\markers |\that |\are |\sensitive |\to |\specific |\types |\of |\tumors |\and |\are |\used |\to |\
screen, |\diagnosed, |\assess |\the |\prognosis |\and |\treatment, |\and |\monitor |\reoccurrences. |\

found |\in |\the |\blood, |\CSF |\and |\urine. |\

- |\produced |\by |\benign |\or |\malignant |\tumors

- |\include |\hormones, |\enzymes, |\genes, |\antigens, |\antibodies

example: |\Liver |\and |\Germ |\cell |\tumors |\- |\secrete |\alpha |\fetoprotein |\into |\blood; |\Prostate |\
Tumors |\secrete |\PSA |\into |\blood |\stream