BIO 235 MIDTERM 2 CONCEPTS AND
APPLICATIONS TEST BANK 2026.
◍ what are the three subatomic particles. Ans: neutrons, protons,
electrons
◍ nucleus. Ans: core of an atom
◍ proton. Ans: positively charged (in nucleus)
◍ neutron. Ans: neutral no charge (in nucleus)
◍ electrons. Ans: negatively charged in a cloud around the nucleus
◍ number of protons =?. Ans: number of electrons
◍ atomic number is what. Ans: number of protons/electrons
◍ mass number. Ans: sum of protons and neutrons
◍ isotopes. Ans: Atoms of the same element that have different
numbers of neutrons
, ◍ radioactive isotopes (radioisotopes). Ans: An isotope of an atom
that spontaneously emits one or more types of radioactivity into stable
configuration
◍ half-life. Ans: the time it takes radioactive isotope to decay into
half
◍ atomic mass/weight. Ans: average of the natural occurring
isotopes
◍ ion. Ans: has a positive or negative charge because it has unequal
number of protons and electrons
◍ ionization. Ans: the process of giving up or gaining an electron to
become stable
◍ molecule. Ans: when two or more atoms share an electron
◍ compound. Ans: substance made up of two or more different
elements
◍ free radicals. Ans: atoms with an unpaired electron in the
outermost shell making it unstable-become stable by gaining or losing
from another element (this breaks apart important elements) UV rays,
x-rays
, ◍ ionic bond. Ans: force of attraction between oppositely charged
ions
◍ cation. Ans: positively charged ion-loses an electron
◍ anion. Ans: negatively charged ion-gains an electron
◍ electrolyte. Ans: an ionic compound that breaks apart into positive
or negative ions in a solution
◍ covalent bond. Ans: two more more atoms share electrons
◍ non-polar. Ans: equal sharing of electrons
◍ polar. Ans: sharing of electrons is unequal
◍ electronegativity. Ans: power to attract electrons to itself
◍ hydrogen bond. Ans: forms when hydrogen bonds to N,O,F
◍ surface tension. Ans: a measure of the difficulty of stretching or
breaking the surface of a liquid
◍ activation energy. Ans: collision energy needed to break the
chemical bonds of the reactants so a reaction can start
, ◍ catalysts-what kind are the most important. Ans: chemicals that
speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy needed-enzymes
are most important
◍ synthesis reaction. Ans: is anabolism and endergonic A+B=AB
◍ decomposition reaction. Ans: catabolism and exergonic AB=A +
B
◍ Exchange reactions. Ans: both decomposition and synthesis
◍ reversible reactions. Ans: products can reverse to original
reactants
◍ oxidation-reduction reactions are always what?. Ans: parallel-
when one is oxidized the other is reduced
◍ oxidation. Ans: the loss of electrons relaxing energy
◍ reduction. Ans: the gain of electrons gaining energy
◍ solvent, solution and solute. Ans: the solvent dissolves solute in
the solution
APPLICATIONS TEST BANK 2026.
◍ what are the three subatomic particles. Ans: neutrons, protons,
electrons
◍ nucleus. Ans: core of an atom
◍ proton. Ans: positively charged (in nucleus)
◍ neutron. Ans: neutral no charge (in nucleus)
◍ electrons. Ans: negatively charged in a cloud around the nucleus
◍ number of protons =?. Ans: number of electrons
◍ atomic number is what. Ans: number of protons/electrons
◍ mass number. Ans: sum of protons and neutrons
◍ isotopes. Ans: Atoms of the same element that have different
numbers of neutrons
, ◍ radioactive isotopes (radioisotopes). Ans: An isotope of an atom
that spontaneously emits one or more types of radioactivity into stable
configuration
◍ half-life. Ans: the time it takes radioactive isotope to decay into
half
◍ atomic mass/weight. Ans: average of the natural occurring
isotopes
◍ ion. Ans: has a positive or negative charge because it has unequal
number of protons and electrons
◍ ionization. Ans: the process of giving up or gaining an electron to
become stable
◍ molecule. Ans: when two or more atoms share an electron
◍ compound. Ans: substance made up of two or more different
elements
◍ free radicals. Ans: atoms with an unpaired electron in the
outermost shell making it unstable-become stable by gaining or losing
from another element (this breaks apart important elements) UV rays,
x-rays
, ◍ ionic bond. Ans: force of attraction between oppositely charged
ions
◍ cation. Ans: positively charged ion-loses an electron
◍ anion. Ans: negatively charged ion-gains an electron
◍ electrolyte. Ans: an ionic compound that breaks apart into positive
or negative ions in a solution
◍ covalent bond. Ans: two more more atoms share electrons
◍ non-polar. Ans: equal sharing of electrons
◍ polar. Ans: sharing of electrons is unequal
◍ electronegativity. Ans: power to attract electrons to itself
◍ hydrogen bond. Ans: forms when hydrogen bonds to N,O,F
◍ surface tension. Ans: a measure of the difficulty of stretching or
breaking the surface of a liquid
◍ activation energy. Ans: collision energy needed to break the
chemical bonds of the reactants so a reaction can start
, ◍ catalysts-what kind are the most important. Ans: chemicals that
speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy needed-enzymes
are most important
◍ synthesis reaction. Ans: is anabolism and endergonic A+B=AB
◍ decomposition reaction. Ans: catabolism and exergonic AB=A +
B
◍ Exchange reactions. Ans: both decomposition and synthesis
◍ reversible reactions. Ans: products can reverse to original
reactants
◍ oxidation-reduction reactions are always what?. Ans: parallel-
when one is oxidized the other is reduced
◍ oxidation. Ans: the loss of electrons relaxing energy
◍ reduction. Ans: the gain of electrons gaining energy
◍ solvent, solution and solute. Ans: the solvent dissolves solute in
the solution
