PHILANTHROPY, POWER DYNAMICS,
AND ACADEMIC FREEDOM: KEY
CONCEPTS AND FRAMEWORKS. EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. VERIFIED
2025/2026.
According to Emily Barman, what is one definition of philanthropy? - ANS The voluntary use
of private resources for the public good.
How do you distinguish between philanthropy and charity? - ANS Charity gives immediate
relief; philanthropy focuses on long-term solutions to social problems.
What are the three mechanisms that explain individual motivation? - ANS Altruism, self-
interest, and reciprocity.
What is altruism? - ANS Helping others with no expectation of personal gain.
What is self-interest? - ANS Acting to benefit oneself, such as gaining status or tax benefits.
What is reciprocity? - ANS Helping because others are expected to return help later.
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, How does sociology contribute to philanthropy at the micro level? - ANS By studying
individual motivations for giving.
How does sociology contribute at the meso level? - ANS By analyzing nonprofit and
foundation organizations.
How does sociology contribute at the macro level? - ANS By examining social norms,
inequality, and systems shaping philanthropy.
How is philanthropy relevant to academic freedom? - ANS Donors can influence research,
hiring, and university priorities.
What are the five insights for analyzing funding's impact on academic freedom? - ANS Power
is relational, consider scope, consider domain, analyze anticipated reactions, and consider
fungibility.
What is power as a social relation? - ANS Influence that occurs through relationships, not
resources.
What is power as a material possession? - ANS Resources like money or assets.
What is the distinction between the faces of power? - ANS First face (decisions), second face
(agenda control), third face (shaping preferences).
Describe scope. - ANS The issue areas affected by power.
Describe domain. - ANS The people or groups affected by power.
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
AND ACADEMIC FREEDOM: KEY
CONCEPTS AND FRAMEWORKS. EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. VERIFIED
2025/2026.
According to Emily Barman, what is one definition of philanthropy? - ANS The voluntary use
of private resources for the public good.
How do you distinguish between philanthropy and charity? - ANS Charity gives immediate
relief; philanthropy focuses on long-term solutions to social problems.
What are the three mechanisms that explain individual motivation? - ANS Altruism, self-
interest, and reciprocity.
What is altruism? - ANS Helping others with no expectation of personal gain.
What is self-interest? - ANS Acting to benefit oneself, such as gaining status or tax benefits.
What is reciprocity? - ANS Helping because others are expected to return help later.
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, How does sociology contribute to philanthropy at the micro level? - ANS By studying
individual motivations for giving.
How does sociology contribute at the meso level? - ANS By analyzing nonprofit and
foundation organizations.
How does sociology contribute at the macro level? - ANS By examining social norms,
inequality, and systems shaping philanthropy.
How is philanthropy relevant to academic freedom? - ANS Donors can influence research,
hiring, and university priorities.
What are the five insights for analyzing funding's impact on academic freedom? - ANS Power
is relational, consider scope, consider domain, analyze anticipated reactions, and consider
fungibility.
What is power as a social relation? - ANS Influence that occurs through relationships, not
resources.
What is power as a material possession? - ANS Resources like money or assets.
What is the distinction between the faces of power? - ANS First face (decisions), second face
(agenda control), third face (shaping preferences).
Describe scope. - ANS The issue areas affected by power.
Describe domain. - ANS The people or groups affected by power.
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
