CALT EXAM NEWEST 2025/2026 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 200
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A+.
Question 1
What term did Orton originally use to describe dyslexia, meaning "twisted symbols"?
A) Dysgraphia
B) Dyscalculia
C) Strephosymbolia
D) Aphasia
E) Agraphia
Correct Answer: C) Strephosymbolia
Rationale: "Strephosymbolia" (meaning "twisted symbols") was the first term used by
Samuel Orton to describe dyslexia, reflecting his early observations of letter reversals in
individuals with reading difficulties.
Question 2
What is the study of speech sounds in spoken language called?
A) Phonology
B) Morphology
C) Syntax
D) Phonetics
E) Semantics
Correct Answer: D) Phonetics
Rationale: Phonetics is the branch of linguistics that deals with the study of speech sounds,
including their production, acoustic properties, and perception in spoken language.
Question 3
The ability to focus on units of sound in spoken language at the sentence, word, syllable, and
phoneme levels is known as:
A) Phonemic awareness
B) Phonics
C) Orthography
D) Phonological awareness
E) Fluency
Correct Answer: D) Phonological awareness
Rationale: Phonological awareness is a broad skill that encompasses the ability to recognize
and manipulate the sound structure of spoken language at various levels, from larger units
(sentences, words, syllables) to the smallest units (phonemes). Phonemic awareness is a sub-
skill of phonological awareness.
,[Type here]
Question 4
What is the specific awareness of individual speech sounds, or phonemes, within spoken words?
A) Phonological awareness
B) Phonics
C) Phonemic awareness
D) Orthography
E) Prosody
Correct Answer: C) Phonemic awareness
Rationale: Phonemic awareness is a critical and more specific component of phonological
awareness, focusing specifically on the ability to hear, identify, and manipulate the smallest
individual sound units (phonemes) within spoken words.
Question 5
Instruction that explicitly connects sounds and letters in written language is known as:
A) Phonemic awareness
B) Phonetics
C) Phonics
D) Morphology
E) Syntax
Correct Answer: C) Phonics
Rationale: Phonics refers to a method of teaching reading that focuses on the relationship
between sounds (phonemes) and the letters or groups of letters (graphemes) that represent
them in written language. It is about applying the alphabetic principle.
Question 6
Which method of phonics instruction explicitly teaches individual grapheme-phoneme
correspondences before blending them to form syllables or whole words?
A) Analytic phonics
B) Whole language phonics
C) Embedded phonics
D) Synthetic phonics
E) Analogic phonics
Correct Answer: D) Synthetic phonics
Rationale: Synthetic phonics is a systematic and explicit approach where students are first
taught individual phoneme-grapheme relationships and then instructed to blend these
sounds together to decode (sound out) words. This is a "parts-to-whole" approach.
Question 7
The understanding that spoken sounds are represented in print by written letters is termed the:
A) Phonological awareness
,[Type here]
B) Alphabetic principle
C) Orthographic memory
D) Semantic awareness
E) Syntactic awareness
Correct Answer: B) Alphabetic principle
Rationale: The alphabetic principle is the foundational understanding that there are
systematic and predictable relationships between letters and letter combinations
(graphemes) in written language and the individual sounds (phonemes) of spoken language.
This understanding is crucial for decoding and encoding.
Question 8
A class of speech sounds where the airflow is constricted or obstructed is called a:
A) Vowel
B) Consonant
C) Diphthong
D) Glide
E) Liquid
Correct Answer: B) Consonant
Rationale: Consonants are speech sounds produced by partially or completely obstructing
the airflow in the vocal tract (e.g., by the tongue, teeth, or lips). They can be voiced or
unvoiced.
Question 9
A class of open, voiced speech sounds produced by the passage of air through an open vocal tract
is called a:
A) Consonant
B) Fricative
C) Nasal sound
D) Stop consonant
E) Vowel
Correct Answer: E) Vowel
Rationale: Vowels are speech sounds produced with a relatively open vocal tract, allowing
air to flow freely. All vowels are voiced, meaning the vocal cords vibrate during their
production.
Question 10
The set of rules that determine how sounds are used in spoken language is known as:
A) Syntax
B) Semantics
C) Phonology
, [Type here]
D) Morphology
E) Pragmatics
Correct Answer: C) Phonology
Rationale: Phonology is the study of the sound system of a language, including the rules that
govern how sounds (phonemes) are organized, combined, and interact to form words and
distinguish meaning in spoken language.
Question 11
Reading with rapidity, automaticity, and appropriate expression and rhythm is defined as:
A) Decoding
B) Spelling
C) Fluency
D) Comprehension
E) Phonemic awareness
Correct Answer: C) Fluency
Rationale: Fluency in reading encompasses three key components: accuracy (identifying
words correctly), rate (reading speed), and prosody (reading with appropriate expression,
rhythm, and intonation). It signifies effortless and automatic word recognition, allowing
focus on comprehension.
Question 12
The rhythmic and tonal aspects of oral reading, including intonation, stress, and phrasing, are
referred to as:
A) Phonology
B) Syntax
C) Semantics
D) Prosody
E) Pragmatics
Correct Answer: D) Prosody
Rationale: Prosody is the musicality of language, encompassing the rhythm, stress,
intonation, and phrasing used in oral reading or speech. It contributes significantly to
reading comprehension and conveys meaning beyond individual words.
Question 13
The set of rules that dictate communicative behavior and the appropriate use of language in
social contexts is called:
A) Syntax
B) Semantics
C) Phonology
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A+.
Question 1
What term did Orton originally use to describe dyslexia, meaning "twisted symbols"?
A) Dysgraphia
B) Dyscalculia
C) Strephosymbolia
D) Aphasia
E) Agraphia
Correct Answer: C) Strephosymbolia
Rationale: "Strephosymbolia" (meaning "twisted symbols") was the first term used by
Samuel Orton to describe dyslexia, reflecting his early observations of letter reversals in
individuals with reading difficulties.
Question 2
What is the study of speech sounds in spoken language called?
A) Phonology
B) Morphology
C) Syntax
D) Phonetics
E) Semantics
Correct Answer: D) Phonetics
Rationale: Phonetics is the branch of linguistics that deals with the study of speech sounds,
including their production, acoustic properties, and perception in spoken language.
Question 3
The ability to focus on units of sound in spoken language at the sentence, word, syllable, and
phoneme levels is known as:
A) Phonemic awareness
B) Phonics
C) Orthography
D) Phonological awareness
E) Fluency
Correct Answer: D) Phonological awareness
Rationale: Phonological awareness is a broad skill that encompasses the ability to recognize
and manipulate the sound structure of spoken language at various levels, from larger units
(sentences, words, syllables) to the smallest units (phonemes). Phonemic awareness is a sub-
skill of phonological awareness.
,[Type here]
Question 4
What is the specific awareness of individual speech sounds, or phonemes, within spoken words?
A) Phonological awareness
B) Phonics
C) Phonemic awareness
D) Orthography
E) Prosody
Correct Answer: C) Phonemic awareness
Rationale: Phonemic awareness is a critical and more specific component of phonological
awareness, focusing specifically on the ability to hear, identify, and manipulate the smallest
individual sound units (phonemes) within spoken words.
Question 5
Instruction that explicitly connects sounds and letters in written language is known as:
A) Phonemic awareness
B) Phonetics
C) Phonics
D) Morphology
E) Syntax
Correct Answer: C) Phonics
Rationale: Phonics refers to a method of teaching reading that focuses on the relationship
between sounds (phonemes) and the letters or groups of letters (graphemes) that represent
them in written language. It is about applying the alphabetic principle.
Question 6
Which method of phonics instruction explicitly teaches individual grapheme-phoneme
correspondences before blending them to form syllables or whole words?
A) Analytic phonics
B) Whole language phonics
C) Embedded phonics
D) Synthetic phonics
E) Analogic phonics
Correct Answer: D) Synthetic phonics
Rationale: Synthetic phonics is a systematic and explicit approach where students are first
taught individual phoneme-grapheme relationships and then instructed to blend these
sounds together to decode (sound out) words. This is a "parts-to-whole" approach.
Question 7
The understanding that spoken sounds are represented in print by written letters is termed the:
A) Phonological awareness
,[Type here]
B) Alphabetic principle
C) Orthographic memory
D) Semantic awareness
E) Syntactic awareness
Correct Answer: B) Alphabetic principle
Rationale: The alphabetic principle is the foundational understanding that there are
systematic and predictable relationships between letters and letter combinations
(graphemes) in written language and the individual sounds (phonemes) of spoken language.
This understanding is crucial for decoding and encoding.
Question 8
A class of speech sounds where the airflow is constricted or obstructed is called a:
A) Vowel
B) Consonant
C) Diphthong
D) Glide
E) Liquid
Correct Answer: B) Consonant
Rationale: Consonants are speech sounds produced by partially or completely obstructing
the airflow in the vocal tract (e.g., by the tongue, teeth, or lips). They can be voiced or
unvoiced.
Question 9
A class of open, voiced speech sounds produced by the passage of air through an open vocal tract
is called a:
A) Consonant
B) Fricative
C) Nasal sound
D) Stop consonant
E) Vowel
Correct Answer: E) Vowel
Rationale: Vowels are speech sounds produced with a relatively open vocal tract, allowing
air to flow freely. All vowels are voiced, meaning the vocal cords vibrate during their
production.
Question 10
The set of rules that determine how sounds are used in spoken language is known as:
A) Syntax
B) Semantics
C) Phonology
, [Type here]
D) Morphology
E) Pragmatics
Correct Answer: C) Phonology
Rationale: Phonology is the study of the sound system of a language, including the rules that
govern how sounds (phonemes) are organized, combined, and interact to form words and
distinguish meaning in spoken language.
Question 11
Reading with rapidity, automaticity, and appropriate expression and rhythm is defined as:
A) Decoding
B) Spelling
C) Fluency
D) Comprehension
E) Phonemic awareness
Correct Answer: C) Fluency
Rationale: Fluency in reading encompasses three key components: accuracy (identifying
words correctly), rate (reading speed), and prosody (reading with appropriate expression,
rhythm, and intonation). It signifies effortless and automatic word recognition, allowing
focus on comprehension.
Question 12
The rhythmic and tonal aspects of oral reading, including intonation, stress, and phrasing, are
referred to as:
A) Phonology
B) Syntax
C) Semantics
D) Prosody
E) Pragmatics
Correct Answer: D) Prosody
Rationale: Prosody is the musicality of language, encompassing the rhythm, stress,
intonation, and phrasing used in oral reading or speech. It contributes significantly to
reading comprehension and conveys meaning beyond individual words.
Question 13
The set of rules that dictate communicative behavior and the appropriate use of language in
social contexts is called:
A) Syntax
B) Semantics
C) Phonology
