12/1/23, 10:38 PM NSG 3023 Final EXAM Study Guide, South University
NSG 3023 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
(Highscore with Complete Solutions and resources for the exam)
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,12/1/23, 10:38 PM NSG 3023 Final EXAM Study Guide, South University
NSG3023 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
CHAPTER 18
1) Know the difference between, diffusion, osmosis, filtration and active transport (TB
Q#1)
• Osmosis: movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from a
compartment of lower particle concentration to one that has a higher particle
concentration.
• Diffusion: a passive movement of electrolytes or other particles from an area of
higher concentration to one of lower concentration.
• Filtration: The net effect of several forces that tend to move fluid across a
membrane.
• Active Transport: The energy-requiring movement of electrolytes or other
substances across cell membranes against a concentration gradient (from an area
of low concentration to one of higher concentration).
A nurse is caring for a patient who is suffering from kidney failure and is receiving peritoneal
dialysis. The nurse explains that peritoneal dialysis works by instilling a solution into the
abdomen that contains dextrose that will pull extra fluid into the abdominal cavity. What is the
name of this process?
a. Diffusion
b. Osmosis
c. Filtration
d. Active transport
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, 12/1/23, 10:38 PM NSG 3023 Final EXAM Study Guide, South University
2) Be able to describe and give rationale with examples of isotonic, hypertonic and
hypotonic fluids (TB Q#2, #3)
a. Isotonic: Fluids that have the same osmolality as normal blood. 0.9% sodium
chloride is an example of an isotonic solution. It expands the body’s extracellular
fluid volume without causing water to shift in or out of cells.
b. Hypertonic: more concentrated than normal blood, pulls fluid by osmosis causing
them to shrink. 3% sodium chloride is an example.
c. Hypotonic: Less concentrated than normal blood after they are infused. They
move water from extracellular compartment into the cells by osmosis causing
them to swell.
A patient has been admitted to the postsurgical nursing unit after surgery. The health care
provider has ordered the patient to have an IV of 0.9% sodium chloride. The nurse who is
caring for the patient recognizes this as what type of solution?
a. Hypotonic
b. Isotonic
c. Hypertonic
d. Hypnotic
3) Be able to describe the mechanism behind thirst (TB Q#4)
a. Thirst is a conscious desire of water. It regulates fluid intake when plasma
osmolality increases (osmoreceptor-mediated thirst) or the blood volume
decreases. The thirst-control mechanism is in the hypothalamus of the brain.
Osmoreceptors there continually monitor plasma osmolarity; when osmolality
increases, the hypothalamus stimulates thirst.
about:blank
mailto:https://www.stuvia.com/user/Wisdoms 3/17
NSG 3023 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
(Highscore with Complete Solutions and resources for the exam)
about:blank
mailto:https://www.stuvia.com/user/Wisdoms 1/17
,12/1/23, 10:38 PM NSG 3023 Final EXAM Study Guide, South University
NSG3023 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
CHAPTER 18
1) Know the difference between, diffusion, osmosis, filtration and active transport (TB
Q#1)
• Osmosis: movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from a
compartment of lower particle concentration to one that has a higher particle
concentration.
• Diffusion: a passive movement of electrolytes or other particles from an area of
higher concentration to one of lower concentration.
• Filtration: The net effect of several forces that tend to move fluid across a
membrane.
• Active Transport: The energy-requiring movement of electrolytes or other
substances across cell membranes against a concentration gradient (from an area
of low concentration to one of higher concentration).
A nurse is caring for a patient who is suffering from kidney failure and is receiving peritoneal
dialysis. The nurse explains that peritoneal dialysis works by instilling a solution into the
abdomen that contains dextrose that will pull extra fluid into the abdominal cavity. What is the
name of this process?
a. Diffusion
b. Osmosis
c. Filtration
d. Active transport
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mailto:https://www.stuvia.com/user/Wisdoms 2/17
, 12/1/23, 10:38 PM NSG 3023 Final EXAM Study Guide, South University
2) Be able to describe and give rationale with examples of isotonic, hypertonic and
hypotonic fluids (TB Q#2, #3)
a. Isotonic: Fluids that have the same osmolality as normal blood. 0.9% sodium
chloride is an example of an isotonic solution. It expands the body’s extracellular
fluid volume without causing water to shift in or out of cells.
b. Hypertonic: more concentrated than normal blood, pulls fluid by osmosis causing
them to shrink. 3% sodium chloride is an example.
c. Hypotonic: Less concentrated than normal blood after they are infused. They
move water from extracellular compartment into the cells by osmosis causing
them to swell.
A patient has been admitted to the postsurgical nursing unit after surgery. The health care
provider has ordered the patient to have an IV of 0.9% sodium chloride. The nurse who is
caring for the patient recognizes this as what type of solution?
a. Hypotonic
b. Isotonic
c. Hypertonic
d. Hypnotic
3) Be able to describe the mechanism behind thirst (TB Q#4)
a. Thirst is a conscious desire of water. It regulates fluid intake when plasma
osmolality increases (osmoreceptor-mediated thirst) or the blood volume
decreases. The thirst-control mechanism is in the hypothalamus of the brain.
Osmoreceptors there continually monitor plasma osmolarity; when osmolality
increases, the hypothalamus stimulates thirst.
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