WGU D337 INTERNET OF THINGS &
INFRASTRUCTURE 2026 REVIEW STUDY GUIDE |
COMPLETE TOPIC OUTLINE & PRACTICE
MATERIAL || NEW VERSION
Module 1: IoT Fundamentals & Architecture
1. What is the core concept of the Internet of Things (IoT)?
A. Connecting only smartphones and computers to the internet.
B. Embedding sensors and connectivity into physical objects to enable data exchange.
C. Replacing human workers entirely with automated machines.
D. Using the internet for cloud storage exclusively.
2. Which IoT architecture layer is responsible for data collection from sensors?
A. Application Layer
B. Network Layer
C. Perception/Sensing Layer
D. Middleware Layer
3. The "thing" in IoT can best be described as:
A. A web server.
B. Any natural object like a rock or tree.
C. A physical object with a unique identifier and embedded sensing/communication capabilities.
D. A desktop computer.
4. What is a primary function of the IoT Network/Transport Layer?
A. To run user-facing software applications.
B. To securely transmit data from perception devices to processing systems.
C. To physically install sensors on devices.
D. To perform data visualization.
5. Which of the following is a key enabling technology for IoT?
A. Manual data entry
B. RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification) tags
C. Paper-based logs
D. Analog radio broadcasts
,Module 2: IoT Connectivity & Networking
6. Which wireless protocol is designed for very short-range, low-power communication
between personal devices (e.g., headphones, wearables)?
A. LoRaWAN
B. Zigbee
C. Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)
D. Cellular (4G/5G)
7. What is a key characteristic of the Zigbee protocol?
A. It is designed for long-range, wide-area networks.
B. It forms mesh networks, is low-power, and is common in home automation.
C. It provides the highest bandwidth for video streaming.
D. It uses licensed cellular spectrum exclusively.
8. Which LPWAN technology is known for very long range (miles in rural areas) and operates
in unlicensed spectrum?
A. Wi-Fi 6
B. LoRaWAN
C. NFC
D. Ethernet
9. What is the primary advantage of 5G over 4G LTE for IoT?
A. It is less secure.
B. It offers higher latency.
C. It enables massive machine-type communications (mMTC) and ultra-reliable low latency
(URLLC).
D. It only works with smartphones.
10. In an IoT context, what does "MQTT" stand for?
A. Message Queuing Telemetry Transport
B. Minimal Quality Transfer Test
C. Managed Query Transfer Time
D. Multi-Queue Transaction Thread
11. Why is MQTT often preferred for constrained IoT devices?
A. It is a heavy, XML-based protocol.
B. It uses a publish/subscribe model and is lightweight.
C. It requires a continuous, high-bandwidth connection.
D. It cannot work over unreliable networks.
,12. What network topology allows devices to connect to each other, relaying data to extend
network coverage?
A. Star Topology
B. Bus Topology
C. Mesh Topology
D. Ring Topology
13. Which connectivity solution is best for a global asset tracking system for shipping
containers?
A. Bluetooth
B. Satellite IoT
C. Zigbee
D. NFC
14. What is the role of a gateway in an IoT network?
A. To provide power to all sensors.
B. To act as a bridge between local sensor networks and the wider internet/cloud.
C. To develop the end-user application.
D. To replace the need for wireless protocols.
15. CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol) is designed specifically for:
A. High-performance computing clusters.
B. Resource-constrained devices and networks, similar to a lightweight HTTP.
C. Legacy mainframe communication.
D. Desktop web browsers.
Module 3: IoT Devices, Sensors, & Hardware
16. What is the core function of a sensor in an IoT device?
A. To execute complex business logic.
B. To provide a user interface.
C. To convert a physical property (e.g., temperature, motion) into an electrical signal/data.
D. To transmit data across continents.
17. An actuator in an IoT system is responsible for:
A. Only sensing the environment.
B. Taking an action or affecting the physical world (e.g., turning a valve, locking a door).
C. Only processing data in the cloud.
D. Storing historical data.
, 18. What is an Embedded System?
A. A large data center server rack.
B. A computer system with a dedicated function, embedded within a larger
mechanical/electrical system.
C. A standard Windows PC.
D. A distributed cloud database.
19. Which component provides the primary computing power in an IoT edge device (like a
Raspberry Pi)?
A. Sensor
B. Microcontroller (MCU) or Microprocessor (MPU)
C. Resistor
D. Battery
20. What is a critical hardware consideration for remote, battery-powered IoT sensors?
A. High-resolution color displays.
B. Power consumption and energy harvesting techniques.
C. Large, spinning hard drives.
D. Multiple CPU cores for gaming.
21. What does "OT" stand for in the IT/OT convergence context?
A. Online Trading
B. Operational Technology
C. Output Terminal
D. Optical Transport
22. How does IT/OT convergence impact traditional industrial systems?
A. It makes them more isolated (air-gapped).
B. It integrates data from factory floor machines (OT) with enterprise IT systems for analytics
and control.
C. It replaces all human operators with AI.
D. It eliminates the need for networking.
Module 4: IoT Data Management & Analytics
23. What is the primary characteristic of IoT data that refers to the massive scale of
information generated?
A. Velocity
B. Volume
INFRASTRUCTURE 2026 REVIEW STUDY GUIDE |
COMPLETE TOPIC OUTLINE & PRACTICE
MATERIAL || NEW VERSION
Module 1: IoT Fundamentals & Architecture
1. What is the core concept of the Internet of Things (IoT)?
A. Connecting only smartphones and computers to the internet.
B. Embedding sensors and connectivity into physical objects to enable data exchange.
C. Replacing human workers entirely with automated machines.
D. Using the internet for cloud storage exclusively.
2. Which IoT architecture layer is responsible for data collection from sensors?
A. Application Layer
B. Network Layer
C. Perception/Sensing Layer
D. Middleware Layer
3. The "thing" in IoT can best be described as:
A. A web server.
B. Any natural object like a rock or tree.
C. A physical object with a unique identifier and embedded sensing/communication capabilities.
D. A desktop computer.
4. What is a primary function of the IoT Network/Transport Layer?
A. To run user-facing software applications.
B. To securely transmit data from perception devices to processing systems.
C. To physically install sensors on devices.
D. To perform data visualization.
5. Which of the following is a key enabling technology for IoT?
A. Manual data entry
B. RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification) tags
C. Paper-based logs
D. Analog radio broadcasts
,Module 2: IoT Connectivity & Networking
6. Which wireless protocol is designed for very short-range, low-power communication
between personal devices (e.g., headphones, wearables)?
A. LoRaWAN
B. Zigbee
C. Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)
D. Cellular (4G/5G)
7. What is a key characteristic of the Zigbee protocol?
A. It is designed for long-range, wide-area networks.
B. It forms mesh networks, is low-power, and is common in home automation.
C. It provides the highest bandwidth for video streaming.
D. It uses licensed cellular spectrum exclusively.
8. Which LPWAN technology is known for very long range (miles in rural areas) and operates
in unlicensed spectrum?
A. Wi-Fi 6
B. LoRaWAN
C. NFC
D. Ethernet
9. What is the primary advantage of 5G over 4G LTE for IoT?
A. It is less secure.
B. It offers higher latency.
C. It enables massive machine-type communications (mMTC) and ultra-reliable low latency
(URLLC).
D. It only works with smartphones.
10. In an IoT context, what does "MQTT" stand for?
A. Message Queuing Telemetry Transport
B. Minimal Quality Transfer Test
C. Managed Query Transfer Time
D. Multi-Queue Transaction Thread
11. Why is MQTT often preferred for constrained IoT devices?
A. It is a heavy, XML-based protocol.
B. It uses a publish/subscribe model and is lightweight.
C. It requires a continuous, high-bandwidth connection.
D. It cannot work over unreliable networks.
,12. What network topology allows devices to connect to each other, relaying data to extend
network coverage?
A. Star Topology
B. Bus Topology
C. Mesh Topology
D. Ring Topology
13. Which connectivity solution is best for a global asset tracking system for shipping
containers?
A. Bluetooth
B. Satellite IoT
C. Zigbee
D. NFC
14. What is the role of a gateway in an IoT network?
A. To provide power to all sensors.
B. To act as a bridge between local sensor networks and the wider internet/cloud.
C. To develop the end-user application.
D. To replace the need for wireless protocols.
15. CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol) is designed specifically for:
A. High-performance computing clusters.
B. Resource-constrained devices and networks, similar to a lightweight HTTP.
C. Legacy mainframe communication.
D. Desktop web browsers.
Module 3: IoT Devices, Sensors, & Hardware
16. What is the core function of a sensor in an IoT device?
A. To execute complex business logic.
B. To provide a user interface.
C. To convert a physical property (e.g., temperature, motion) into an electrical signal/data.
D. To transmit data across continents.
17. An actuator in an IoT system is responsible for:
A. Only sensing the environment.
B. Taking an action or affecting the physical world (e.g., turning a valve, locking a door).
C. Only processing data in the cloud.
D. Storing historical data.
, 18. What is an Embedded System?
A. A large data center server rack.
B. A computer system with a dedicated function, embedded within a larger
mechanical/electrical system.
C. A standard Windows PC.
D. A distributed cloud database.
19. Which component provides the primary computing power in an IoT edge device (like a
Raspberry Pi)?
A. Sensor
B. Microcontroller (MCU) or Microprocessor (MPU)
C. Resistor
D. Battery
20. What is a critical hardware consideration for remote, battery-powered IoT sensors?
A. High-resolution color displays.
B. Power consumption and energy harvesting techniques.
C. Large, spinning hard drives.
D. Multiple CPU cores for gaming.
21. What does "OT" stand for in the IT/OT convergence context?
A. Online Trading
B. Operational Technology
C. Output Terminal
D. Optical Transport
22. How does IT/OT convergence impact traditional industrial systems?
A. It makes them more isolated (air-gapped).
B. It integrates data from factory floor machines (OT) with enterprise IT systems for analytics
and control.
C. It replaces all human operators with AI.
D. It eliminates the need for networking.
Module 4: IoT Data Management & Analytics
23. What is the primary characteristic of IoT data that refers to the massive scale of
information generated?
A. Velocity
B. Volume
