KNR 307 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS. VERIFIED 2025/2026.
Body composition - ANS The ratio of fat mass (FM) to fat-free mass (FFM).
Body weight - ANS The total mass of the body without showing the difference between fat
and lean tissue.
Fat-free mass (lean mass) - ANS Everything that isn't fat—muscle, bone, water, organs,
connective tissue.
Visceral fat - ANS Fat stored deep in the abdomen around internal organs; increases risk for
CVD, T2DM, and Metabolic Syndrome.
Main body composition assessments - ANS BMI, waist circumference, skinfolds, BIA, DXA.
BMI - ANS Weight relative to height (kg/m²); doesn't distinguish between fat and muscle.
BMI categories - ANS <18.5 underweight, 18.5-24.9 normal, 25-29.9 overweight, ≥30 obese.
Waist circumference risk cutoffs - ANS 102 cm (40 in) men, >88 cm (35 in) women.
ACSM healthy body fat ranges - ANS Men 10-22%, women 20-32%.
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, Obesity trends - ANS 42% of U.S. adults obese; projected 50% by 2030; driven by inactivity,
poor diet, stress, and sleep deprivation.
Obesity classes - ANS Class I 30-34.9, Class II 35-39.9, Class III ≥40 (severe).
Key hormones regulating appetite and metabolism - ANS Leptin (satiety), Ghrelin (hunger),
Insulin (storage), Hypothalamus (appetite control).
Health risks of obesity - ANS CVD, Type 2 Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome, osteoarthritis, sleep
apnea, certain cancers.
First-line treatment for obesity - ANS Lifestyle modification: 500-1000 kcal/day deficit, diet
changes, and 250-300 min/week exercise.
Bariatric surgery recommendation - ANS BMI ≥40 or ≥35 with comorbidities.
FITT-VP guidelines for obesity - ANS F ≥5 days/week, I 40-59% HRR (progress to ≥60%), T 30-
60 min/day (150-300 min/wk), T aerobic + RT 2-3 days/wk, V >2000 kcal/wk.
EPOC - ANS Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption—extra calories burned after vigorous
or resistance training.
Weight loss percentage for health improvement - ANS 5-10% body weight loss.
Dyslipidemia - ANS Abnormal blood lipid levels—usually high LDL or TG and/or low HDL.
Lipids - ANS Fats and fat-like substances used for energy, hormones, and cell structure.
Types of lipoproteins - ANS Chylomicrons (dietary fat), VLDL (liver TG), LDL ("bad"
cholesterol), HDL ("good" cholesterol).
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
ANSWERS. VERIFIED 2025/2026.
Body composition - ANS The ratio of fat mass (FM) to fat-free mass (FFM).
Body weight - ANS The total mass of the body without showing the difference between fat
and lean tissue.
Fat-free mass (lean mass) - ANS Everything that isn't fat—muscle, bone, water, organs,
connective tissue.
Visceral fat - ANS Fat stored deep in the abdomen around internal organs; increases risk for
CVD, T2DM, and Metabolic Syndrome.
Main body composition assessments - ANS BMI, waist circumference, skinfolds, BIA, DXA.
BMI - ANS Weight relative to height (kg/m²); doesn't distinguish between fat and muscle.
BMI categories - ANS <18.5 underweight, 18.5-24.9 normal, 25-29.9 overweight, ≥30 obese.
Waist circumference risk cutoffs - ANS 102 cm (40 in) men, >88 cm (35 in) women.
ACSM healthy body fat ranges - ANS Men 10-22%, women 20-32%.
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, Obesity trends - ANS 42% of U.S. adults obese; projected 50% by 2030; driven by inactivity,
poor diet, stress, and sleep deprivation.
Obesity classes - ANS Class I 30-34.9, Class II 35-39.9, Class III ≥40 (severe).
Key hormones regulating appetite and metabolism - ANS Leptin (satiety), Ghrelin (hunger),
Insulin (storage), Hypothalamus (appetite control).
Health risks of obesity - ANS CVD, Type 2 Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome, osteoarthritis, sleep
apnea, certain cancers.
First-line treatment for obesity - ANS Lifestyle modification: 500-1000 kcal/day deficit, diet
changes, and 250-300 min/week exercise.
Bariatric surgery recommendation - ANS BMI ≥40 or ≥35 with comorbidities.
FITT-VP guidelines for obesity - ANS F ≥5 days/week, I 40-59% HRR (progress to ≥60%), T 30-
60 min/day (150-300 min/wk), T aerobic + RT 2-3 days/wk, V >2000 kcal/wk.
EPOC - ANS Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption—extra calories burned after vigorous
or resistance training.
Weight loss percentage for health improvement - ANS 5-10% body weight loss.
Dyslipidemia - ANS Abnormal blood lipid levels—usually high LDL or TG and/or low HDL.
Lipids - ANS Fats and fat-like substances used for energy, hormones, and cell structure.
Types of lipoproteins - ANS Chylomicrons (dietary fat), VLDL (liver TG), LDL ("bad"
cholesterol), HDL ("good" cholesterol).
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
