BIOL 1P91 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS. VERIFIED 2025/2026.
The cell cycle - ANS series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide
asymmetric cell division - ANS - in asymmetric cell division, the cytoplasmic content and the
membrane system may be different, but the genetic material is identical within the precision of
the replication machinery.
G1 phase - ANS - The first gap, or growth phase, of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of
interphase before DNA synthesis begins.
- each G1 chromosome is unreplicated, with one double helix.
- the cell carries out its function, and in some cases grows
S phase - ANS - DNA replication and chromosome duplication occur
G2 phase - ANS - brief gap in the cell cycle when cell growth continues an the cell prepares
for mitosis and cytokinesis
M phase (mitosis) - ANS prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
The kinetochore - ANS A specialized region on the centromere that links each sister
chromatid to the mitotic spindle.
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,The mitotic spindle - ANS -An assemblage of microtubules and associated proteins that is
involved in the movements of chromosomes during mitosis.
-it is under tension
the kinetochore microtubules - ANS - Connects the centrosome with the kinetochore in the
centromere region of the chromosome.
The kinetochore - ANS - holds the sister chromatids attached to the mitotic spindle
Cytokinesis in animals - ANS - cleavage furrow constricts like a drawstring to separate the
cells
cytokinesis in plants - ANS cell plate forms a cell wall between the two daughter cells
binary fission - ANS A form of asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms by which one
cell divides into two cells of the same size
Mitosis and the eukaryotic cell cycle - ANS - chromosomes are the genetic units divided by
mitosis
- interphase extends from the end of one mitosis to the beginning of the next mitosis
- after interphase, mitosis proceeds in five stages
- cytokinesis completes cell division by dividing the cytoplasm between daughter cells
mitosis - ANS divides replicated DNA equally and precisely
chromosomes - ANS Nuclear units of genetic information that are divided and distributed by
mitotic cell division
chroma = colour, soma = body
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, Chromosomes and Ploidy - ANS - DNA of eukaryotic cells is divided among individual, linear
chromosomes (located in cell nucleus)
- ploidy of a cell or species is the number of chromosome sets (diploid 2n, haploid n)
sister chromatids - ANS - replication of DNA of each individual chromosome creates two
identical molecules called sister chromatids
chromosome segregation - ANS - equal distribution of daughter chromosomes to each of two
cells resulting from cell division
prophase - ANS - chromosomes condense into compact, rodlike structures
-spindle forms in the cytoplasm
Pro-metaphase - ANS - nuclear envelope breaks down
- spindle enters former nuclear area
- microtubules from opposite spindle poles attach to two kinetochores of each chromosomes
metaphase - ANS - spindle is fully formed
- chromosome align at spindle midpoint
*moved by spindle microtubules
karyotype - ANS A display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape.
Anaphase - ANS - spindle separates sister chromatids and moves them to opposite spindle
poles
- chromosomes segregation is complete
telophase - ANS -chromosoes decondense
* return to extend state typical of interphase
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
ANSWERS. VERIFIED 2025/2026.
The cell cycle - ANS series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide
asymmetric cell division - ANS - in asymmetric cell division, the cytoplasmic content and the
membrane system may be different, but the genetic material is identical within the precision of
the replication machinery.
G1 phase - ANS - The first gap, or growth phase, of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of
interphase before DNA synthesis begins.
- each G1 chromosome is unreplicated, with one double helix.
- the cell carries out its function, and in some cases grows
S phase - ANS - DNA replication and chromosome duplication occur
G2 phase - ANS - brief gap in the cell cycle when cell growth continues an the cell prepares
for mitosis and cytokinesis
M phase (mitosis) - ANS prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
The kinetochore - ANS A specialized region on the centromere that links each sister
chromatid to the mitotic spindle.
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,The mitotic spindle - ANS -An assemblage of microtubules and associated proteins that is
involved in the movements of chromosomes during mitosis.
-it is under tension
the kinetochore microtubules - ANS - Connects the centrosome with the kinetochore in the
centromere region of the chromosome.
The kinetochore - ANS - holds the sister chromatids attached to the mitotic spindle
Cytokinesis in animals - ANS - cleavage furrow constricts like a drawstring to separate the
cells
cytokinesis in plants - ANS cell plate forms a cell wall between the two daughter cells
binary fission - ANS A form of asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms by which one
cell divides into two cells of the same size
Mitosis and the eukaryotic cell cycle - ANS - chromosomes are the genetic units divided by
mitosis
- interphase extends from the end of one mitosis to the beginning of the next mitosis
- after interphase, mitosis proceeds in five stages
- cytokinesis completes cell division by dividing the cytoplasm between daughter cells
mitosis - ANS divides replicated DNA equally and precisely
chromosomes - ANS Nuclear units of genetic information that are divided and distributed by
mitotic cell division
chroma = colour, soma = body
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, Chromosomes and Ploidy - ANS - DNA of eukaryotic cells is divided among individual, linear
chromosomes (located in cell nucleus)
- ploidy of a cell or species is the number of chromosome sets (diploid 2n, haploid n)
sister chromatids - ANS - replication of DNA of each individual chromosome creates two
identical molecules called sister chromatids
chromosome segregation - ANS - equal distribution of daughter chromosomes to each of two
cells resulting from cell division
prophase - ANS - chromosomes condense into compact, rodlike structures
-spindle forms in the cytoplasm
Pro-metaphase - ANS - nuclear envelope breaks down
- spindle enters former nuclear area
- microtubules from opposite spindle poles attach to two kinetochores of each chromosomes
metaphase - ANS - spindle is fully formed
- chromosome align at spindle midpoint
*moved by spindle microtubules
karyotype - ANS A display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape.
Anaphase - ANS - spindle separates sister chromatids and moves them to opposite spindle
poles
- chromosomes segregation is complete
telophase - ANS -chromosoes decondense
* return to extend state typical of interphase
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
