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HEMODIALYSIS BONNET EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED VERIFIED
ANSWERS
Osmosis Ans: movement of fluid across a semipermeable membrane
from an area of lower concentration to higher concentration
Diffusion Ans: movement of dissolved particles across a semipermeable
membrane from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration
Ultrafiltration Ans: water is removed from blood because there is
pressure gradient across the membrane
Ultrafiltration Rate Ans: The rate at which fluid moves from blood into
the dialysate through the semipermeable membrane
Calculation for Ultraflitration rate Ans: dividing the amount of fluid to be
removed by the minutes of tx time
Transmembrane Pressure (TMP) Ans: The pressure across the dialyzer
membrane(Blood compartment plus dialysate compartment pressure)
In dialyzer reprocessing this chemical is used for disenfection Ans:
Paracetic Acid
Amount of time water must stay in contact with charcoal in carbon tanks
in order to allow chlorine and chlormaines to be removed Ans: Empty
Bed Contact Time
Minimum number of minutes of contact time in carbon tanks Ans: 10 or
5 in each tank
Diabetes Ans: Number one cause for CKD
Intrarenal Failure Ans: Renal failure due to injury to the kidneys
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Example of Intrarenal failure Ans: Blow to kidneys, drug/poison,
glomeruolnephritis
Postrenal Failure Ans: when a blockage causes urine to back up and
harm the kidneys
Example of Postrenal failure Ans: Enlarged prostate, Stones, Kinked
Ureter
Prerenal failure Ans: when kidneys dont get enough blood
Example of Prerenal failure Ans: Trauma Severe dehydration, heart
disease
Two hormones the kidneys produce Ans: Erythroprotein, Calcitriol
Erythropoietin Ans: triggers bone marrow to make red blood cells
Calcitriol Ans: Controls the balance of calcium/phosphorus
Location of the kidneys Ans: In the back of the body above the waste
Size and weight of the kidneys Ans: the size of a fist, and 5 oz
The dialyzers semipermeable membrane Ans: alows some substances
such as wastes and excess water out but keeps others such as blood in
Access for pd is through a Ans: catheter
where is the catheter placed in a pd pt Ans: abdomen
what acts as a filter in pd Ans: lining of the abdomen
Dialysis Disequilibrium Syndrome Ans: caused by the rapid removal of
urea during hemodialysis;
Dialysis Disequilibrium Syndrome Signs/Symptoms Ans: Headache,
blurred vision, Restlessness, confused, tremors, convulsions, seizures,
coma, death
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Back flow prevention device Ans: Stops water from the tx system from
flowing back into the feed water
Large Amounts of aluminum in water can cause Ans: Bone Disease
How often should the ro operating parameters be checked Ans: Daily
What is added to municipal water supply to make it clearer Ans: alum
Depthflitration Ans: measuring pressure before and after filter
water softner Ans: softens hard water by taking out some of the
magnesium and calcium that form the scale
booster pump Ans: used to increase water flow or pressure
Carbon Tank Ans: Contains granular activated charcoal that abosrobs
low molecular weight from particles
carbon tanks are used to Ans: remove chlorine and chloramine
the first carbon tank is called the Ans: worker
The second carbon tank is called the Ans: polisher
blending valve Ans: mixes the water to remain at 77-82 degrees
What is not a characteristic of a dialyzer Ans: capacity
contamination of water by bacteria/endotoxins maybe cause what kind of
reaction Ans: pyrogenic
Ro Water quality Ans: % rejection product of water quality
% rejection greater then 80%
Convection Ans: when molecules of a dissolved substance are dragged
along in a solvent that passes through a semipermeable membrane
HEMODIALYSIS BONNET EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED VERIFIED
ANSWERS
Osmosis Ans: movement of fluid across a semipermeable membrane
from an area of lower concentration to higher concentration
Diffusion Ans: movement of dissolved particles across a semipermeable
membrane from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration
Ultrafiltration Ans: water is removed from blood because there is
pressure gradient across the membrane
Ultrafiltration Rate Ans: The rate at which fluid moves from blood into
the dialysate through the semipermeable membrane
Calculation for Ultraflitration rate Ans: dividing the amount of fluid to be
removed by the minutes of tx time
Transmembrane Pressure (TMP) Ans: The pressure across the dialyzer
membrane(Blood compartment plus dialysate compartment pressure)
In dialyzer reprocessing this chemical is used for disenfection Ans:
Paracetic Acid
Amount of time water must stay in contact with charcoal in carbon tanks
in order to allow chlorine and chlormaines to be removed Ans: Empty
Bed Contact Time
Minimum number of minutes of contact time in carbon tanks Ans: 10 or
5 in each tank
Diabetes Ans: Number one cause for CKD
Intrarenal Failure Ans: Renal failure due to injury to the kidneys
, Page | 2
Example of Intrarenal failure Ans: Blow to kidneys, drug/poison,
glomeruolnephritis
Postrenal Failure Ans: when a blockage causes urine to back up and
harm the kidneys
Example of Postrenal failure Ans: Enlarged prostate, Stones, Kinked
Ureter
Prerenal failure Ans: when kidneys dont get enough blood
Example of Prerenal failure Ans: Trauma Severe dehydration, heart
disease
Two hormones the kidneys produce Ans: Erythroprotein, Calcitriol
Erythropoietin Ans: triggers bone marrow to make red blood cells
Calcitriol Ans: Controls the balance of calcium/phosphorus
Location of the kidneys Ans: In the back of the body above the waste
Size and weight of the kidneys Ans: the size of a fist, and 5 oz
The dialyzers semipermeable membrane Ans: alows some substances
such as wastes and excess water out but keeps others such as blood in
Access for pd is through a Ans: catheter
where is the catheter placed in a pd pt Ans: abdomen
what acts as a filter in pd Ans: lining of the abdomen
Dialysis Disequilibrium Syndrome Ans: caused by the rapid removal of
urea during hemodialysis;
Dialysis Disequilibrium Syndrome Signs/Symptoms Ans: Headache,
blurred vision, Restlessness, confused, tremors, convulsions, seizures,
coma, death
, Page | 3
Back flow prevention device Ans: Stops water from the tx system from
flowing back into the feed water
Large Amounts of aluminum in water can cause Ans: Bone Disease
How often should the ro operating parameters be checked Ans: Daily
What is added to municipal water supply to make it clearer Ans: alum
Depthflitration Ans: measuring pressure before and after filter
water softner Ans: softens hard water by taking out some of the
magnesium and calcium that form the scale
booster pump Ans: used to increase water flow or pressure
Carbon Tank Ans: Contains granular activated charcoal that abosrobs
low molecular weight from particles
carbon tanks are used to Ans: remove chlorine and chloramine
the first carbon tank is called the Ans: worker
The second carbon tank is called the Ans: polisher
blending valve Ans: mixes the water to remain at 77-82 degrees
What is not a characteristic of a dialyzer Ans: capacity
contamination of water by bacteria/endotoxins maybe cause what kind of
reaction Ans: pyrogenic
Ro Water quality Ans: % rejection product of water quality
% rejection greater then 80%
Convection Ans: when molecules of a dissolved substance are dragged
along in a solvent that passes through a semipermeable membrane
