Strayer University | Critical Thinking – PHI210 Midterm Exam | SUMMER 2020/2021 LATEST | GRADED A

Question 1 4 out of 4 points Which habit of critical thinking do individuals who keep food diaries and practice daily exercise BEST represent? • Question 2 4 out of 4 points You would MOST want to use your critical thinking skills during which of the following activities? • Question 3 4 out of 4 points When we describe someone as "critical" we usually mean they have a(n) ________ orientation. • Question 4 4 out of 4 points A person who is humble and understands what they know, and is aware of what they do not know is considered ____________. • Question 5 4 out of 4 points Which of these questions has the most potential for debate? • Question 6 4 out of 4 points Which statement BEST summarizes the barriers to critical thinking explained in this chapter? • Question 7 4 out of 4 points Which statement best illustrates self-interested thinking? • Question 8 4 out of 4 points Anchoring bias is characterized by _________. • Question 9 4 out of 4 points Hindsight bias can be combated by _________. • Question 10 4 out of 4 points Christopher took a yearlong teaching job in another country to teach English to elementary-aged students. Christopher tells his mom that he can't understand why students from another culture eat rice with every meal when bread is a tastier option. Which of the following statements is the MOST likely explanation for Christopher's view on the other culture's meals? • Question 11 4 out of 4 points What makes a deductive argument sound? • Question 12 4 out of 4 points Premise 1: All television shows that aired in the twentieth century were game shows. Premise 2: "Supermarket Sweep" was a television show that aired in the twentieth century. Conclusion: Therefore, "Supermarket Sweep" was a game show. How does this argument hold up in terms of truth and validity? • Question 13 4 out of 4 points Arguments make the process of thinking visible. Which of the following statements makes the process of thinking MOST visible? • Question 14 4 out of 4 points Eating candy every day places a person at risk of contracting diabetes. Jackie eats a bag of candy every day. Therefore, _________. Which of the following completes this deductive argument? • Question 15 4 out of 4 points Vicky is trying to convince Todd that he should eat at the new Thai restaurant in town because the food is tasty, affordable, and healthy. She then explains that the food at the restaurant is healthy because the chefs avoid hydrogenated oils and use natural sweeteners when possible. Vicky's argument about why the food is healthy serves as which of the following? • Question 16 4 out of 4 points A 1987 Public Service Announcement showed a man who held up an egg and said, "This is your brain," then picked up a frying pan and added, "This is drugs." He then cracks open the egg, fries the contents, and says, "This is your brain on drugs." Finally he looks up at the camera and asks, "Any questions?" This is an example of a(n) __________ fallacy. • Question 17 4 out of 4 points William took a shower on a cold afternoon in winter. Promptly after getting out of the shower he put his bathrobe on and walked outside to get the newspaper. The next night he felt achy and feverish. His wife told him it was because he went out in the cold with wet hair. This is an example of the _________ fallacy. • Question 18 4 out of 4 points During her campaign, a senator released her financial information to the public. When questioned about some irregularities in her expenses, a spokesperson for the senator said the senator needn't account for irregularities in her expenses. After all, there are other senators who have done far worse things. This is a(n) _________ fallacy. • Question 19 4 out of 4 points American law is founded on the principle of "innocent until proven guilty." The converse of thisâ "guilty until proven innocentâ "is an example of the _________ fallacy. • Question 20 4 out of 4 points Jose really likes bacon and wants to wrap bacon around all of the appetizers to be served at a dinner party. Sarah disagrees and suggests guests might want a "bacon-free" option. Jose claims that no one should listen to Sarah because she is a crazy vegetarian. This is a(n) _________ fallacy. • Question 21 4 out of 4 points Which of the following sources would MOST likely be credible? • Question 22 4 out of 4 points Kevin tells his coworker Luis that it is going to rain tomorrow. Which of the following scenarios would make Kevin's claim most credible to Luis? • Question 23 4 out of 4 points Payton and her mother saw one of Payton's classmates arrive at the mall in a limousine. Payton told her mother that the classmate usually drives a fancy sports car to school, wears expensive clothes, and goes on exotic trips during vacation. Payton told her mom that her classmate's family must be rich. Which of the following should influence the mom's thoughts about Payton's claim? • Question 24 4 out of 4 points Gabe is researching egg production for a particular type of chicken. According to some websites, the breed in question produces an above-average number of eggs, while another website lists the number of eggs it produces as below average. If Gabe has to pick which claim to believe, which of the following strategies would be the BEST option? • Question 25 4 out of 4 points Don was researching apple production for a farm stand orchard. He found a .com that discussed apple production and sold apple cider, a .com that discussed apple production and sold dried fruit, a .org that educated the community on growing apple trees, and a .org that advocated for removing genetically modified (GMO) trees from orchards. Based upon what you know about website types and target audiences, which site should Don consider the MOST credible?