PHIL 230- Todd Long Final Exam with
All Solved Solutions 2025-2026
Updated.
necessary being - Answer a being that exists under all possible conditions
contingent being - Answer a being that exists in some, but not all, possible conditions.
Locke - Answer identity of a physical substance across time consists of uninterrupted,
continuous existence of that substance across time. Who?
Reid - Answer personal identity across time consists of uninterrupted, continuous existence
of the self across time. Who?
true - Answer John Locke believed that his view of personal identity allows for a person's
existence beyond death. True or false
John Locke - Answer "What makes a man be himself to himself is sameness of
consciousness, so personal identity depends entirely upon that, and not on whether the
consciousness is tied to one substance throughout or rather is continued in a series of different
substances".
David Hume - Answer . "... each of us is nothing but a bundle or collection of different
perceptions that follow each other enormously quickly and are in a perpetual flux and
movement".
Thomas Reid - Answer . "My personal identity, therefore, implies the continued existence of
that indivisible thing which I call myself".
qualitative identity - Answer having all the same qualities (features, characteristics,
properties). not the same as personal identity.
person - Answer a thinking, intelligent being, that has reason and reflection, and can
consider itself, the same thinking thin in different times and places.
, Reid - Answer says identity is continuous, uninterrupted existence of self- a single entity
without parts that can think, feel, and experience.
Hume - Answer no identity of a person across time. enduring sense of individual
never accept anything as true unless its clearly and distinctly true, divide problems analytically,
simple to complex, be complete - Answer D's four files of method.
senses argument D - Answer none of the beliefs i have based on sense perceptions is certain
4 me (they have fooled me before) who
dreams argument D - Answer Key premise: there are no certain indications that distinguish
waking life from dreaming experience. C: none of my beliefs about empirical generalizations is
certain for me. who
certain indication of being awake analysis - Answer Person S has certain indication of being
awake if and only if:
S has feature F that can only be present if S is awake
F is unmistakably present in S's experience. (pinch, brain waves)
Evil demon argument D - Answer It is possible i am deceived as much as possible, i can't tell
if any of my beliefs are true, I know nothing for certain. who
cogito passage D - Answer I think, therefore I am. D
URD - Answer something is deceiving me as much as possible
SURD - Answer there is as much deception as possible (no me)
wax - Answer if I know A=C, then I know by a judgement of mind, not by what my sense
reveal.
innate (born with), externally caused things (God), invented by himself. D. - Answer Origins
of ideas. who
All Solved Solutions 2025-2026
Updated.
necessary being - Answer a being that exists under all possible conditions
contingent being - Answer a being that exists in some, but not all, possible conditions.
Locke - Answer identity of a physical substance across time consists of uninterrupted,
continuous existence of that substance across time. Who?
Reid - Answer personal identity across time consists of uninterrupted, continuous existence
of the self across time. Who?
true - Answer John Locke believed that his view of personal identity allows for a person's
existence beyond death. True or false
John Locke - Answer "What makes a man be himself to himself is sameness of
consciousness, so personal identity depends entirely upon that, and not on whether the
consciousness is tied to one substance throughout or rather is continued in a series of different
substances".
David Hume - Answer . "... each of us is nothing but a bundle or collection of different
perceptions that follow each other enormously quickly and are in a perpetual flux and
movement".
Thomas Reid - Answer . "My personal identity, therefore, implies the continued existence of
that indivisible thing which I call myself".
qualitative identity - Answer having all the same qualities (features, characteristics,
properties). not the same as personal identity.
person - Answer a thinking, intelligent being, that has reason and reflection, and can
consider itself, the same thinking thin in different times and places.
, Reid - Answer says identity is continuous, uninterrupted existence of self- a single entity
without parts that can think, feel, and experience.
Hume - Answer no identity of a person across time. enduring sense of individual
never accept anything as true unless its clearly and distinctly true, divide problems analytically,
simple to complex, be complete - Answer D's four files of method.
senses argument D - Answer none of the beliefs i have based on sense perceptions is certain
4 me (they have fooled me before) who
dreams argument D - Answer Key premise: there are no certain indications that distinguish
waking life from dreaming experience. C: none of my beliefs about empirical generalizations is
certain for me. who
certain indication of being awake analysis - Answer Person S has certain indication of being
awake if and only if:
S has feature F that can only be present if S is awake
F is unmistakably present in S's experience. (pinch, brain waves)
Evil demon argument D - Answer It is possible i am deceived as much as possible, i can't tell
if any of my beliefs are true, I know nothing for certain. who
cogito passage D - Answer I think, therefore I am. D
URD - Answer something is deceiving me as much as possible
SURD - Answer there is as much deception as possible (no me)
wax - Answer if I know A=C, then I know by a judgement of mind, not by what my sense
reveal.
innate (born with), externally caused things (God), invented by himself. D. - Answer Origins
of ideas. who
