PHIL 230 - Todd Long Practice Exam
with All Correct Answers 2025-2026
Updated.
Philosophy - Answer love of wisdom
Necessary truth - Answer truth that is true under all possible conditions
Contingent truth - Answer a truth that is true but not under all possible conditions
Epistemology - Answer the study of knowledge and rational belief
episteme- knowledge
ology- the study of
Proposition - Answer what is being expressed by a sentence
Metaphysics - Answer The study of reality
meta - about
physics- physical world
The Validity Test - Answer Does the conclusion logically follow from the premises?
1. assume all premises are true
2. if all premises are true is it possible for the conclusion to be false?
- If yes, then it is an invalid argument
The Conclusive Premises Test - Answer 1. Do I have any reason to believe each premise?
- If yes, go to question 2
2. Do I have any reason to disbelieve any premise?
- If yes, the argument fails the test
Sound Argument - Answer valid and all the premises are true
, Can a valid argument have all false premises? - Answer yes
Can a valid argument fail the conclusive premises test? - Answer yes
Can a valid argument have a false conclusion?
A. True
B. False - Answer A. True
Can a valid argument have all true premises and a false conclusion?
A. yes
B. no - Answer B. no
Necessary condition - Answer a condition that must be satisfied in order for that thing to be
what it is
Sufficient condition - Answer every necessary condition required for a thing to be what it is
The Socratic Problem - Answer Socrates didn't write anything down so we have to decipher
which of the speeches by the character Socrates represents Socrates' views and which represent
Plato's views
Early // Socrates or Plato? - Answer only Socrates
Middle // Socrates or Plato? - Answer Plato is putting his thoughts into the mouth of
Socrates
Late // Socrates or Plato? - Answer only Plato
Socrates' Opposites Argument - Answer opposites come from opposites
*being alive comes from being dead
with All Correct Answers 2025-2026
Updated.
Philosophy - Answer love of wisdom
Necessary truth - Answer truth that is true under all possible conditions
Contingent truth - Answer a truth that is true but not under all possible conditions
Epistemology - Answer the study of knowledge and rational belief
episteme- knowledge
ology- the study of
Proposition - Answer what is being expressed by a sentence
Metaphysics - Answer The study of reality
meta - about
physics- physical world
The Validity Test - Answer Does the conclusion logically follow from the premises?
1. assume all premises are true
2. if all premises are true is it possible for the conclusion to be false?
- If yes, then it is an invalid argument
The Conclusive Premises Test - Answer 1. Do I have any reason to believe each premise?
- If yes, go to question 2
2. Do I have any reason to disbelieve any premise?
- If yes, the argument fails the test
Sound Argument - Answer valid and all the premises are true
, Can a valid argument have all false premises? - Answer yes
Can a valid argument fail the conclusive premises test? - Answer yes
Can a valid argument have a false conclusion?
A. True
B. False - Answer A. True
Can a valid argument have all true premises and a false conclusion?
A. yes
B. no - Answer B. no
Necessary condition - Answer a condition that must be satisfied in order for that thing to be
what it is
Sufficient condition - Answer every necessary condition required for a thing to be what it is
The Socratic Problem - Answer Socrates didn't write anything down so we have to decipher
which of the speeches by the character Socrates represents Socrates' views and which represent
Plato's views
Early // Socrates or Plato? - Answer only Socrates
Middle // Socrates or Plato? - Answer Plato is putting his thoughts into the mouth of
Socrates
Late // Socrates or Plato? - Answer only Plato
Socrates' Opposites Argument - Answer opposites come from opposites
*being alive comes from being dead
