ANSC 3133 Final Exam Old Material- Questions with Correct Answers
C
Terms in this set (164)
As a general term, how is growth defined? A normal expansion of size
What is considered "true" growth? Increased weight of muscle, bone, organs, etc
As the point in time when an animal reaches its highest level of complexity or
How is maturity defined?
development
Isometric and allometric growth are Isometric growth
opposites. Which one refers to equal
growth rates?
When do isometric and allometric growth Isometric growth from birth to 2-3 months, and allometric growth from 3 months to
occur? 11-12 months
When an animal is experiencing allometric There are unequal growth rates in different portions of the body
growth, this means?
As a progression of increased complexity of living organisms due to differential rates
How does development occur?
of change in individual body components
What is ontogeny? Progress of an individual through its life cycle
The stage of body development at any Physiological age
given time relative to final mature body
development is?
All of the chemical reactions involved in Metabolism
maintaining cellular life are?
In which metabolic process is energy Anabolism
consumed?
In catabolic processes, ___ is produced by Energy, degradation of nutrients
___
What is accretion? A growth and enlargement by a gradual buildup
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, An increase in cell size is known as? Hypertrophy
An increase in cell number is known as? Hyperplasia
The process by which cells differentiate in Morphogenesis
development is known as?
What is the timeline of morphogenesis? Cells -> Tissues -> Organs -> Organ Systems -> Organism
What is differentiation? A process through which a cell becomes more specialized
What are the physical components of Bone, lean, and fat
growth?
What are the chemical components of Water, protein, lipids, ash, vitamins, carbohydrates
growth?
What is the order of growth progression? Brain and CNS, digestive, bone, muscle, adipose
What are the progression points on the Conception, birth, self-accelerating postnatal growth phase, inflection point, self-
growth curve? retarding postnatal growth phase, maturity
Nucleus function DNA, transcription of DNA to mRNA
ribosomes function Translation of mRNA to protein
Endoplasmic reticulum Protein and lipid processing
Golgi apparatus Protein and lipid transportation
lysosomes Enzymatic breakdown of macromolecules
mitochondria Energy generation
Storage of macromolecules such as proteins and lipids.
vacuole
Assist exocytosis and endocytosis.
True or False: Phosphorylation occurs only False (can also mean inactivation)
to the activation of cells
Which compounds bind to receptors to Ligands
start the cell signaling process?
The last protein phosphorylated in cell A transcirption factor which regulates gene expression
signaling is usually...
The synthesis of messenger RNA using Transcription
DNA as the template in nucleus and
mitochondria
protein synthesis (transcription) is mediated rna polymerase
by?
Transcription is regulated by what? Transcription factors, DNA methylation, and histone modification
The removal of introns is known as? A post-translational modification
From fertilization to implantation, the stage Ovum
of growth is known as?
The fusion of 2 haploid gametes forms A diploid zygote
what?
Rapid cell division is also known as what? Cleavage
How many cells is considered a morula? 16 cells
From implantation to differentiation, the Embryonic
stage of growth is known as?
What is gastrulation? The formation of the 3 germ layers
2/5
C
Terms in this set (164)
As a general term, how is growth defined? A normal expansion of size
What is considered "true" growth? Increased weight of muscle, bone, organs, etc
As the point in time when an animal reaches its highest level of complexity or
How is maturity defined?
development
Isometric and allometric growth are Isometric growth
opposites. Which one refers to equal
growth rates?
When do isometric and allometric growth Isometric growth from birth to 2-3 months, and allometric growth from 3 months to
occur? 11-12 months
When an animal is experiencing allometric There are unequal growth rates in different portions of the body
growth, this means?
As a progression of increased complexity of living organisms due to differential rates
How does development occur?
of change in individual body components
What is ontogeny? Progress of an individual through its life cycle
The stage of body development at any Physiological age
given time relative to final mature body
development is?
All of the chemical reactions involved in Metabolism
maintaining cellular life are?
In which metabolic process is energy Anabolism
consumed?
In catabolic processes, ___ is produced by Energy, degradation of nutrients
___
What is accretion? A growth and enlargement by a gradual buildup
1/5
, An increase in cell size is known as? Hypertrophy
An increase in cell number is known as? Hyperplasia
The process by which cells differentiate in Morphogenesis
development is known as?
What is the timeline of morphogenesis? Cells -> Tissues -> Organs -> Organ Systems -> Organism
What is differentiation? A process through which a cell becomes more specialized
What are the physical components of Bone, lean, and fat
growth?
What are the chemical components of Water, protein, lipids, ash, vitamins, carbohydrates
growth?
What is the order of growth progression? Brain and CNS, digestive, bone, muscle, adipose
What are the progression points on the Conception, birth, self-accelerating postnatal growth phase, inflection point, self-
growth curve? retarding postnatal growth phase, maturity
Nucleus function DNA, transcription of DNA to mRNA
ribosomes function Translation of mRNA to protein
Endoplasmic reticulum Protein and lipid processing
Golgi apparatus Protein and lipid transportation
lysosomes Enzymatic breakdown of macromolecules
mitochondria Energy generation
Storage of macromolecules such as proteins and lipids.
vacuole
Assist exocytosis and endocytosis.
True or False: Phosphorylation occurs only False (can also mean inactivation)
to the activation of cells
Which compounds bind to receptors to Ligands
start the cell signaling process?
The last protein phosphorylated in cell A transcirption factor which regulates gene expression
signaling is usually...
The synthesis of messenger RNA using Transcription
DNA as the template in nucleus and
mitochondria
protein synthesis (transcription) is mediated rna polymerase
by?
Transcription is regulated by what? Transcription factors, DNA methylation, and histone modification
The removal of introns is known as? A post-translational modification
From fertilization to implantation, the stage Ovum
of growth is known as?
The fusion of 2 haploid gametes forms A diploid zygote
what?
Rapid cell division is also known as what? Cleavage
How many cells is considered a morula? 16 cells
From implantation to differentiation, the Embryonic
stage of growth is known as?
What is gastrulation? The formation of the 3 germ layers
2/5
