West Coast EMT Block 4 Exam Study
Guide Questions With Correct Marking
Scheme
/. What is cavitation? - Answer-✅A phenomenon in which speed causes a bullet to
generate pressure waves, which cause damage distant from the bullet's path.
/.What is Newton's first law? - Answer-✅An object at rest stays at rest and an object in
motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted
upon by an unbalanced force.
/.What is potential energy? - Answer-✅The product of mass (weight), force of gravity
(acceleration), and height.
- Energy that is stored.
PE = mgh
/.What is kinetic energy? - Answer-✅The energy of motion or movement
KE = ½ mass x velocity^2 or KE = ½ mv^2
/.What is a vehicle collision? - Answer-✅i. Damage to the car does not directly affect
patient care but does provide information about the severity of the collision.
ii. By assessing the vehicle that has crashed, you can often determine the MOI.
/.What is a human collision? - Answer-✅- Kinetic energy produced by the passenger's
mass and velocity is converted into the work of stopping his or her body.
- Common passenger injuries include lower extremity fractures, rib fractures, and head
trauma.
/.What is an internal collision? - Answer-✅i. Internal injuries may not be as obvious as
external injuries, but they are often the most life threatening.
/.What do we assume with the death of an occupant in the same vehicle as another
person? - Answer-✅Assume major injury because the force was strong enough to kill
the other passenger.
/.What is the purpose of airbags? - Answer-✅To reduce blunt chest trauma.
, /.What happens if the airbags do not deploy and what should you do? - Answer-
✅Decrease the severity of deceleration injuries and decrease injury to the chest, face
and head. If it does not deploy, disconnect the vehicle battery.
/.What is the purpose of a head rest and what does it prevent? - Answer-✅To reduce
the rearward motion of the head in a rear end crash and decrease the chances of
occupants sustaining whiplash neck injuries.
/.What are arteries? - Answer-✅Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
/.What are arterioles? - Answer-✅The smallest branches of arteries leading to the vast
network of capillaries.
/.What are capillaries? - Answer-✅Links between the arterial and venial sides of
vessels, also where gas exchange occurs.
/.What are venules? - Answer-✅small veins that receive blood from the capillaries.
/.What are veins? - Answer-✅Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart.
/.What affects the ability of the blood to clot? - Answer-✅the type of vessel that is
broken (arterial vessels clot slower than venous and capillary vessels)
patients with hemophilia: lacks one or more of the blood's clotting factors and bleeding
may occur spontaneously
certains medications can affect the ability of the blood to clot
warfarin, anti-coagulants, antiplatelets (Aspirin)
/.What happens after soft tissue has been damaged? (Healing process). - Answer-
✅cessation of bleeding
inflammation: cells and platelets (white blood cells, mast cells, lymphocytes) move into
damaged area to begin repair
on the outer layer of skin, new layers of cells are stacked to replace damaged
new blood vessels form to bring oxygen and nutrients to injured tissue
collage provides stability to the damaged tissue and joins wound borders
/.how long can organs survive without perfusion? - Answer-✅- Cells in the brain and
spinal cord start to die after 4-6 minutes.
- The lungs can only survive 15-20 minutes
- Kidneys can be damaged after 45 minutes
Guide Questions With Correct Marking
Scheme
/. What is cavitation? - Answer-✅A phenomenon in which speed causes a bullet to
generate pressure waves, which cause damage distant from the bullet's path.
/.What is Newton's first law? - Answer-✅An object at rest stays at rest and an object in
motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted
upon by an unbalanced force.
/.What is potential energy? - Answer-✅The product of mass (weight), force of gravity
(acceleration), and height.
- Energy that is stored.
PE = mgh
/.What is kinetic energy? - Answer-✅The energy of motion or movement
KE = ½ mass x velocity^2 or KE = ½ mv^2
/.What is a vehicle collision? - Answer-✅i. Damage to the car does not directly affect
patient care but does provide information about the severity of the collision.
ii. By assessing the vehicle that has crashed, you can often determine the MOI.
/.What is a human collision? - Answer-✅- Kinetic energy produced by the passenger's
mass and velocity is converted into the work of stopping his or her body.
- Common passenger injuries include lower extremity fractures, rib fractures, and head
trauma.
/.What is an internal collision? - Answer-✅i. Internal injuries may not be as obvious as
external injuries, but they are often the most life threatening.
/.What do we assume with the death of an occupant in the same vehicle as another
person? - Answer-✅Assume major injury because the force was strong enough to kill
the other passenger.
/.What is the purpose of airbags? - Answer-✅To reduce blunt chest trauma.
, /.What happens if the airbags do not deploy and what should you do? - Answer-
✅Decrease the severity of deceleration injuries and decrease injury to the chest, face
and head. If it does not deploy, disconnect the vehicle battery.
/.What is the purpose of a head rest and what does it prevent? - Answer-✅To reduce
the rearward motion of the head in a rear end crash and decrease the chances of
occupants sustaining whiplash neck injuries.
/.What are arteries? - Answer-✅Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
/.What are arterioles? - Answer-✅The smallest branches of arteries leading to the vast
network of capillaries.
/.What are capillaries? - Answer-✅Links between the arterial and venial sides of
vessels, also where gas exchange occurs.
/.What are venules? - Answer-✅small veins that receive blood from the capillaries.
/.What are veins? - Answer-✅Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart.
/.What affects the ability of the blood to clot? - Answer-✅the type of vessel that is
broken (arterial vessels clot slower than venous and capillary vessels)
patients with hemophilia: lacks one or more of the blood's clotting factors and bleeding
may occur spontaneously
certains medications can affect the ability of the blood to clot
warfarin, anti-coagulants, antiplatelets (Aspirin)
/.What happens after soft tissue has been damaged? (Healing process). - Answer-
✅cessation of bleeding
inflammation: cells and platelets (white blood cells, mast cells, lymphocytes) move into
damaged area to begin repair
on the outer layer of skin, new layers of cells are stacked to replace damaged
new blood vessels form to bring oxygen and nutrients to injured tissue
collage provides stability to the damaged tissue and joins wound borders
/.how long can organs survive without perfusion? - Answer-✅- Cells in the brain and
spinal cord start to die after 4-6 minutes.
- The lungs can only survive 15-20 minutes
- Kidneys can be damaged after 45 minutes
