age 1 of 95
Molecular Cell Biology ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES || 100% GUARANTEED PASS <RECENT
VERSION>
Eukaryote .......Answer.........An organism whose cells contain
complex structures enclosed within membranes. The defining
membrane bound structure thats sets them apart from
prokaryotic cells is the nucleas or nuclear envelope within which
the genetic material is carried. All species of large complex
species are eukaryotes, including animals, plants and funghi.
Euchromatin .......Answer.........This shows as pale areas in the
nucleas under electro magnification. It is a less densly packed
form of chromatin; 10% is even less condensed and in this form
it can be actively transcribed to produce RNA.
,age 2 of 95
Heterochromatin .......Answer.........This shows as dark areas on the
eukaryotic nucleas; it is densly packed chormatin (DNA and
protein complex) which cannot be transcribed.
Histones .......Answer.........Special proteins around which DNA is
wrapped.
Lamins .......Answer.........Intermediate filament proteins which
protect the structure of the nucleas, they polymerize to from a
network of filaments that lie just within the nuclear membrane.
The network of these filament proteins is called the nuclear
lamina.
Nuclear Lamina .......Answer.........The network of intermediate
nuclear filament proteins (Lamins) which is located just below the
nuclear membrane and is linked to the membrane and chromatin.
,age 3 of 95
Nuclear Pores .......Answer.........9nm (approx) gaps in the nuclear
envelope that allow the passage of RNA and ribosomes out of
the nucleas and the entry of selected small proteins and small
water soluble molecules.
Prokarayotes .......Answer.........An organism of the kingdom of
Monera, comprising the bacteria and cyanobacteria.
Characterised by the abscence of a distinct, membrane bound
nucleas or membrane bound organelles and by DNA that is not
organised in to chromosomes. Also called moneran.
Protoctist .......Answer.........Any of various unicellular eukaryotic
organisms and their multicellular, coenocytic or colocial
descendants that belong to the kingdom of Protocista according
to some taxonomic systems. The protoctists include protozoans,
slime moulds, various algae and other groups. In many new
classification systems, all proctists are considered protists.
, age 4 of 95
Signal Sequence .......Answer.........Affectionately known as the
'address label' of a polypeptide. A short (3-60 amino acids
long) peptide chain that directs the transport of a protein. These
may also be called targeting signals, signal peptides, transit
peptides, or localization signals.
The amino acid sequences of these direct proteins (which are
synthesized in the cytosol) to certain organelles such as the
nucleus, mitochondrial matrix, endoplasmic reticulum, chloroplast,
apoplast and peroxisome. Some signal peptides are cleaved
from the protein by signal peptidase after the proteins are
transported.
Endoplasmic Reticulum .......Answer.........The endoplasmic reticulum
(ER) is a eukaryotic organelle that forms an interconnected
Molecular Cell Biology ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES || 100% GUARANTEED PASS <RECENT
VERSION>
Eukaryote .......Answer.........An organism whose cells contain
complex structures enclosed within membranes. The defining
membrane bound structure thats sets them apart from
prokaryotic cells is the nucleas or nuclear envelope within which
the genetic material is carried. All species of large complex
species are eukaryotes, including animals, plants and funghi.
Euchromatin .......Answer.........This shows as pale areas in the
nucleas under electro magnification. It is a less densly packed
form of chromatin; 10% is even less condensed and in this form
it can be actively transcribed to produce RNA.
,age 2 of 95
Heterochromatin .......Answer.........This shows as dark areas on the
eukaryotic nucleas; it is densly packed chormatin (DNA and
protein complex) which cannot be transcribed.
Histones .......Answer.........Special proteins around which DNA is
wrapped.
Lamins .......Answer.........Intermediate filament proteins which
protect the structure of the nucleas, they polymerize to from a
network of filaments that lie just within the nuclear membrane.
The network of these filament proteins is called the nuclear
lamina.
Nuclear Lamina .......Answer.........The network of intermediate
nuclear filament proteins (Lamins) which is located just below the
nuclear membrane and is linked to the membrane and chromatin.
,age 3 of 95
Nuclear Pores .......Answer.........9nm (approx) gaps in the nuclear
envelope that allow the passage of RNA and ribosomes out of
the nucleas and the entry of selected small proteins and small
water soluble molecules.
Prokarayotes .......Answer.........An organism of the kingdom of
Monera, comprising the bacteria and cyanobacteria.
Characterised by the abscence of a distinct, membrane bound
nucleas or membrane bound organelles and by DNA that is not
organised in to chromosomes. Also called moneran.
Protoctist .......Answer.........Any of various unicellular eukaryotic
organisms and their multicellular, coenocytic or colocial
descendants that belong to the kingdom of Protocista according
to some taxonomic systems. The protoctists include protozoans,
slime moulds, various algae and other groups. In many new
classification systems, all proctists are considered protists.
, age 4 of 95
Signal Sequence .......Answer.........Affectionately known as the
'address label' of a polypeptide. A short (3-60 amino acids
long) peptide chain that directs the transport of a protein. These
may also be called targeting signals, signal peptides, transit
peptides, or localization signals.
The amino acid sequences of these direct proteins (which are
synthesized in the cytosol) to certain organelles such as the
nucleus, mitochondrial matrix, endoplasmic reticulum, chloroplast,
apoplast and peroxisome. Some signal peptides are cleaved
from the protein by signal peptidase after the proteins are
transported.
Endoplasmic Reticulum .......Answer.........The endoplasmic reticulum
(ER) is a eukaryotic organelle that forms an interconnected
