UCLA PSYCH 10 MIDTERM REVIEW
WITH WELL EXPLAINED STUDY
GUIDE
• Structuralism - correct answer<<<<<<<💖💖💖✔Wundt and Titchener; focus was on how the
mind is structured, studied consciousness by breaking it down into basic elements (via
INTROSPECTION);
• Functionalism - correct answer<<<<<<<💖💖💖✔William James; focus was on what the mind
does, or the function/purpose of behavior (especially EVOLUTIONARY FUNCTION/PURPOSE)
• Behaviorism - correct answer<<<<<<<💖💖💖✔Pavlov, Watson, Skinner, etc.; more scientific
approach (less subjective like introspec.), reduced all behavior to STIMULUS-RESPONSE;
movement away from cognition, towards OBSERVABLE behavior; OPPOSES COGNITIVE PSYCH.
• Psychoanalysis - correct answer<<<<<<<💖💖💖✔Freud, focus was on UNCONSCIOUS
PROCESSES/DESIRES, which they believed influenced behavior (this and the previous two were
late 19th-early 20th century)
• Cognitive Psychology - correct answer<<<<<<<💖💖💖✔focus on cognition and the brain,
mid 20th century to present; OPPOSES BEHAVIORISM
• Cross Cultural Psychology - correct answer<<<<<<<💖💖💖✔focus on comparing and
contrasting behavior in different human populations; generally study
WesternEducatedIndustrializedRichDemocratic (WEIRD) people
• Placebo Effect (Bias) - correct answer<<<<<<<💖💖💖✔knowledge of receiving treatment
affects behavior; SOLUTION: blind treatment (e.g. sugar pill)
• Experimenter Bias - correct answer<<<<<<<💖💖💖✔The researcher's expectations
influence a participant's response/interpretation of observations; SOLUTION: Double Blind
, • Demand Characteristics (Bias) - correct answer<<<<<<<💖💖💖✔The participant changes
behavior because of what they believe about the study i.e. act different because they know
they're being studied; (ex: Hawthorne Experiment, workers more productive when light
manipulated, didnt wanna look lazy)
• SOLUTION: Double Blind
• Humans unique from other species because of the more developed ___________ in the brain. -
correct answer<<<<<<<💖💖💖✔frontal cortex; = greater cognition, reasoning, etc.
• The brain develops in a way that resembles the evolution of the nervous system in other
animals: The _______ brain and _____ brain develop first, while the ________ develops last. -
correct answer<<<<<<<💖💖💖✔hind brain, mid brain, prefrontal cortex last (planning, risk-
taking, impulsivity) (develops later in life = teenagers + Phineas Gage poor judgment and inc. in
risky/impulsive behavior)
• Hindbrain - correct answer<<<<<<<💖💖💖✔Controls info coming in and out of the spinal
chord, controls life sustaining processes (e.g. breathing, etc.)
• Pons - correct answer<<<<<<<💖💖💖✔Hindbrain, "bridge over a PONdS;" connects the
cerebellum and the rest of the brain
• Reticular Formation - correct answer<<<<<<<💖💖💖✔Hindbrain, "ReTICKular Formation;"
controls sleep, wakefulness, arousal; nerve fibers on brain stem to connect the different parts of
hindbrain
• Medulla (Oblongata) - correct answer<<<<<<<💖💖💖✔Hindbrain, "without MEdulla, ME
DIE;" Middle of the brain stem, controls important core functions (e.g. heart rate, breathing,
circulation, etc.)
• Cerebellum - correct answer<<<<<<<💖💖💖✔Hindbrain, "I'm not drunk, my cerebellum is;"
fine motor skills, coordination of movements, balance, etc.; the "little brain"
WITH WELL EXPLAINED STUDY
GUIDE
• Structuralism - correct answer<<<<<<<💖💖💖✔Wundt and Titchener; focus was on how the
mind is structured, studied consciousness by breaking it down into basic elements (via
INTROSPECTION);
• Functionalism - correct answer<<<<<<<💖💖💖✔William James; focus was on what the mind
does, or the function/purpose of behavior (especially EVOLUTIONARY FUNCTION/PURPOSE)
• Behaviorism - correct answer<<<<<<<💖💖💖✔Pavlov, Watson, Skinner, etc.; more scientific
approach (less subjective like introspec.), reduced all behavior to STIMULUS-RESPONSE;
movement away from cognition, towards OBSERVABLE behavior; OPPOSES COGNITIVE PSYCH.
• Psychoanalysis - correct answer<<<<<<<💖💖💖✔Freud, focus was on UNCONSCIOUS
PROCESSES/DESIRES, which they believed influenced behavior (this and the previous two were
late 19th-early 20th century)
• Cognitive Psychology - correct answer<<<<<<<💖💖💖✔focus on cognition and the brain,
mid 20th century to present; OPPOSES BEHAVIORISM
• Cross Cultural Psychology - correct answer<<<<<<<💖💖💖✔focus on comparing and
contrasting behavior in different human populations; generally study
WesternEducatedIndustrializedRichDemocratic (WEIRD) people
• Placebo Effect (Bias) - correct answer<<<<<<<💖💖💖✔knowledge of receiving treatment
affects behavior; SOLUTION: blind treatment (e.g. sugar pill)
• Experimenter Bias - correct answer<<<<<<<💖💖💖✔The researcher's expectations
influence a participant's response/interpretation of observations; SOLUTION: Double Blind
, • Demand Characteristics (Bias) - correct answer<<<<<<<💖💖💖✔The participant changes
behavior because of what they believe about the study i.e. act different because they know
they're being studied; (ex: Hawthorne Experiment, workers more productive when light
manipulated, didnt wanna look lazy)
• SOLUTION: Double Blind
• Humans unique from other species because of the more developed ___________ in the brain. -
correct answer<<<<<<<💖💖💖✔frontal cortex; = greater cognition, reasoning, etc.
• The brain develops in a way that resembles the evolution of the nervous system in other
animals: The _______ brain and _____ brain develop first, while the ________ develops last. -
correct answer<<<<<<<💖💖💖✔hind brain, mid brain, prefrontal cortex last (planning, risk-
taking, impulsivity) (develops later in life = teenagers + Phineas Gage poor judgment and inc. in
risky/impulsive behavior)
• Hindbrain - correct answer<<<<<<<💖💖💖✔Controls info coming in and out of the spinal
chord, controls life sustaining processes (e.g. breathing, etc.)
• Pons - correct answer<<<<<<<💖💖💖✔Hindbrain, "bridge over a PONdS;" connects the
cerebellum and the rest of the brain
• Reticular Formation - correct answer<<<<<<<💖💖💖✔Hindbrain, "ReTICKular Formation;"
controls sleep, wakefulness, arousal; nerve fibers on brain stem to connect the different parts of
hindbrain
• Medulla (Oblongata) - correct answer<<<<<<<💖💖💖✔Hindbrain, "without MEdulla, ME
DIE;" Middle of the brain stem, controls important core functions (e.g. heart rate, breathing,
circulation, etc.)
• Cerebellum - correct answer<<<<<<<💖💖💖✔Hindbrain, "I'm not drunk, my cerebellum is;"
fine motor skills, coordination of movements, balance, etc.; the "little brain"
